The Chorioamnionitis - Still an Enigma in Perinatology

Mirjana Varjacic; Nikola Jovic

doi:10.2478/sjecr-2021-0007

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The Chorioamnionitis - Still an Enigma in Perinatology

EABR. Experimental and Applied Biomedical Research

Volume 26 (2025): Issue 2 (June 2025)

By: Mirjana Varjacic and Nikola Jovic

Open Access

|Dec 2025

Figures & Tables

CHORIOAMNIONITIS	CHARACTERISTICS	DELIVERY	REFERENCE
Acute histological	Neutrophils infiltration	Treterm and term	Conti N. and al. [25]
AHCA 1	Decidua and chorionic space	Mostly term, ≥ 37 week	Conti N. and al. [25] Lee SM and al. [26]
AHCA 2	+ amnion and/or chorion	Mostly preterm, 32 – 36 week	Torricelli M. and al [2]
AHCA 3	+ umbilical cord	Mostly preterm, ≤ 32 week	Torricelli M. and al [2] Conti N. and al. [25]
Chronic histological	Lymphocyte infiltration (CD8 TLy) with/without macrophages and plasma cells	preterm (34–70%) and term	Kim CJ and al. [19] Murphy HS [44]
In narrow sence	Chorioamniotic membranes	term/preterm	Kim CJ and al. [20]
In wider sense	+ decidua и chorionic villi	term/preterm	Reyes L and al. [53] Khong TY and al. [71]
Infectious	pathogens – bacteria, viruses, fungi	Term, ≥ 37 week (10%) Preterm, 32 –36 week (18%) Preterm, ≤ 32 week (39%)	Torricelli M. and al [2]
bacterial	Ureaplasma urealiticum (47%) Gram negative anaerobes (38.4%) Micoplasma hominis (30.4%) Bacteroides bivius (29.5%) Gardnerella vaginalis (24.5%) Streptococcus agalactiae (15%) Escherichia coli (8%)	preterm (39%) term (10%)	Torricelli M. and al [2] Czikk MJ and al [15] Redline RW and al [18] Hecht JL and al [103]
viral	Predominantly adeno viruses	preterm (41%)	Czikk MJ and al [15] Spiegel AM and al [104]
fungal	Candida sp.	term/preterm (<0.8%)	Stock SJ and al [105]
Clinical	Maternal hyperthermia (>37.8°С) (95–100%) Maternal tachicardia (>100 beat per minute) (91.1%) Fetal tachicardia (>160 beat per minute) (66%) Maternal leucocytosis (>15000/mm³) (33%) increased tenderness of the uterus (9%) unpleasant smell of amniotic fluid (3%)	preterm (20%) term (5–12%)	Tita AT and al [14] Romero R and al [29] Martinelli P and al [109] Burke C and al [113] Romero R and al [117]
Biochemical	Increase in IL6 and IL8 concentration	Preterm and term	Romero R and al [29] Burke C and al [113] Evers AC and al [114]

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sjecr-2021-0007 | Journal eISSN: 2956-2090 (formerly 2335-075X, 2956-0454) | Journal ISSN: 2956-0454 (formerly 1820-8665)

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Language: English

Page range: 197 - 210

Submitted on: Feb 8, 2021

Accepted on: Feb 18, 2021

Published on: Dec 31, 2025

Published by: University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

UDC:

Related subjects:

Clinical medicine, other

© 2025 Mirjana Varjacic, Nikola Jovic, published by University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 26 (2025): Issue 2 (June 2025)