Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Combined Effect of Natural Pozzolana and Steel Fibre on the Mechanical Properties of Normal Concrete Subjected to a High Temperature Cover

Combined Effect of Natural Pozzolana and Steel Fibre on the Mechanical Properties of Normal Concrete Subjected to a High Temperature

By: Bilel Boulakoud  
Open Access
|Sep 2025

References

  1. Abdelmelek, N and Lubloy, E. Flexural strength of silica fume, fly ash, and metakaolin of hardened 22 cement paste after exposure to elevated temperatures. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 147 (2022), No. 13, p. 7159-7169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-021-11035-324
  2. Abdallah, S., Fan, M., and Cashell, K. A. Bondslip behaviour of steel fibres in concrete after exposure to elevated temperatures. Construction and Building Materials, 140 (2017), 542551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.148.
  3. AFNOR. Concrete and its constituents, Vol. 1: Specifications of concrete and its constituents (2002, a). Paris: 5th ed.
  4. AFNOR. Concrete and its constituents, Vol. 2: Test methods of concrete (2002, b). Paris: 5th ed.
  5. Belhadj, A. H. M., Tenza-Abril, A. J and Mahi, A. Assessment of the Durability Against a Chemical Attack of Fiber-Reinforced Lightweight Pouzzolanic Concrete under the Effect of Temperature. Annales de Chimie - Science des Matériaux, Vol. 47 (2023), No. 1, p. 25-33. https://doi.org/10.18280/acsm.470104
  6. Boakye, K., Winters, D., Oguntola, O., Fenton, K and Simske, S. A Review of Strategies to Achieve Net Zero Targets in the Cement and Concrete Sectors. IntechOpen, (2024). https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1005051.
  7. Bouhafs, F., Ezziane, M., Ayed, K., Leklou, N and Mouli, M. Effect of water re-curing on the physio-mechanical and microstructural properties of self-compacting concrete reinforced with steel fibers after exposure to high temperatures. Construction and Building Materials, vol. 413 (2024), p. 134805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.134805
  8. Boulakoud, B. Effects of sediment on mechanical behavior of polypropylene fiber concrete before and after exposure to high temperature. The Journal of Engineering and Exact Sciences, vol. 9 (2023), No. 12, p. 19385-19385. http://dx.doi.org/10.18540/jcecvl9iss12pp19383
  9. Boulakoud, B., Kadri, T and Ait tahar, K. Behavior of concrete using steel fibre and calcined sediments from Fergoug dam under elevated temperature. Interciencia Journal, vol. (2023), No. 3, p. 99-112. https://intercienciajournal.com/search.html
  10. Celik, K., Jackson, M. D., Mancio, M., Meral, C., Emwas, A. H., Mehta, P. K., and Monteiro, P. J. High-volume natural volcanic pozzolan and limestone powder as partial replacements for Portland cement in self-compacting and sustainable concrete. Cement and concrete composites, vol. 45 (2014), p. 136-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.09.003
  11. Deboucha, W, Oudjit, MN, Bouzid, A and Belagraa, L. Effect of incorporating blast furnace slag and natural pozzolana on compressive strength and capillary water absorption of concrete. Procedia Engineering, vol. 108 (2015), p. 254–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.06.145
  12. Deboucha, W., Leklou, N., Khelidj, A and Oudjit, M. N. Natural pozzolana addition effect on compressive strength and capillary water absorption of Mortar. Energy Procedia, vol. 139 (2017), p. 689-695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.11.273
  13. Dreux, G And Festa, J. Nouveau guide du béton et de ses constituants. New guide to concrete and its constituents. 8th ed. 1998, 3rd printing 2007, Eyrolles, France.
  14. Ezziane, M., Molez., L,. Kadri, T and Jauberthi, R. Properties of fibre mortars after exposure to high temperatures. Građevinar, vol. 66 (2014), p. 425-431. http://dx.doi.org/10.14256/JCE.1014.2014
  15. Ghazy, M.F., Abd Elaty, M.A and Zalhaf, N.M. Mechanical properties of HPC incorporating fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag after exposure to high temperatures. Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering, vol. 66 (2022), No. 3, p. 761-774. https://doi.org/10.3311/PPci.19751
  16. Hammat, S., Menadi, B., Kenai, S., Thomas, C., Kirgiz, MS and de Sousa Galdino AG. The effect of content and fineness of natural pozzolana on the rheological, mechanical, and durability properties of self-compacting mortar. Journal of building engineering, vol. 44 (2021) 103276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103276
  17. Izadifard, R. A., Abdi Moghadam, M., and Sepahi, M. M. Influence of metakaolin as a partial replacement of cement on characteristics of concrete exposed to high temperatures. Journal of Sustainable Cement Based Materials, 10 (2021), No. 6, 336352. https://doi.org/10.1080/21650373.2021.1877206
  18. Lublóy, É., Kopecskó, K., Balázs, G. L., Restás, Á and Szilágyi, I.M. Improved fire resistance by using Portland-19 pozzolana or Portland-fly ash cements. Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry, vol. 129 (2017), No. 2, p. 925-936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6245-021
  19. Madhkhan, M., Azizkhani, R and Harchegani, M.T. Effects of pozzolans together with steel and polypropylene fibers on mechanical properties of RCC pavements. Construction and Building materials, vol. 26 (2012), No. 1,p. 102-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.05.009
  20. Mansouri, S., Shahraki, F., Sadeghi, J., Koohestanian, E and Sardashti Birjandi, M. R. Experimental Investigation of Energy Consumption and CO2 Emission in Cement Kiln in Effect of Replacement Natural Pozzolan by Method of Grinding Clinker and Pozzolan Separately. Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng.(IJCCE) Research Article Vol. 43 (2024), No. 1. https://doi.org/10.30492/ijcce.2023.1999807.5956
  21. Mezzal, S.K., Al-Azzawi, Z and Najim, K.B. Effect of discarded steel fibers on impact resistance, flexural toughness and fracture energy of high-strength self-compacting concrete exposed to elevated temperatures. Fire Safety Journal, vol. 18 121 (2021), p. 103271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2020.103271
  22. Modarres, Y and Ghalehnovi, M. Comparison of the mechanical performance of concrete reinforced with recycled steel fibers from waste tires and hooked-end steel fibers at ambient and high temperatures. Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal, vol. 57 (2023), No. 1, p.61-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22059/CEIJ.2023.349788.1877
  23. Nematzadeh, M., Karimi, A and Fallah-Valukolaee, S. Compressive performance of steel fiber-reinforced rubberized concrete core detached from heated CFST. Construction and Building Materials, vol. 239 (2020) 117832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117832
  24. Smarzewski P.: Study of toughness and macro/micro-crack development of fibre-reinforced ultra-high 11 performance concrete after exposure to elevated temperature, Materials, vol. 12 (2019), No. 8, p. 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12081210
  25. Xie, J., Zhang, Z., Lu, Z., and Sun, M. Coupling effects of silica fume and steel fiber on the compressive behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete after exposure to elevated temperature. Construction and Building Materials, 184 (2018), 752764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.035
  26. Zia, A., and Khan, A.A. Effectiveness of bagasse ash for performance improvement of asphalt concrete pavements. SN Appl. Sci. 3 (2021), 502. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-021-04502-x
  27. Zia, A., Holly, I., and Zhang, P. Constitutive modeling and extended performance evaluation of concrete reinforced with non-hybrid waste tire steel fibers. Journal of Building Engineering, 96 (2024), 110522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2024.110522
  28. Zia, A., Zhang, P., and Holly, I. Effectiveness of hybrid discarded tire/Industrial steel fibers for improving the sustainability of concrete structures. Construction and Building Materials, (2023a), 378,131226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131226
  29. Zia, A., Zhang, P., and Holly, I. Experimental investigation of raw steel fibers derived from waste tires for sustainable concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 368, (2023b) - 130410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.130410
  30. Zia, A., Zhang, P., and Holly, I. Long-term performance of concrete reinforced with scrap tire steel fibers in hybrid and non-hybrid forms: Experimental behavior and practical applications. Construction and Building Materials, 409 (2023c), 134011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.134011
  31. Zia, A., Zhang, P., Holly, I., and Prokop, J. Sustainability enhancement through high-dose recycled tire steel fibers in concrete: Experimental insights and practical applications. Sustainability, 15 (2023d), No. 22, 15760. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152215760
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2025-0014 | Journal eISSN: 1338-3973 | Journal ISSN: 1210-3896
Language: English
Page range: 1 - 9
Published on: Sep 26, 2025
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2025 Bilel Boulakoud, published by Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.