Seismic risk evaluation of historic masonry structures in an Algiers district, Algeria, using fragility and vulnerability functions: A case study of Belouizdad district
By: Fouzia Djaalali and Mahmoud Bensaibi
References
- Dolce, M., Kappos, A., Masi, A., Penelis, G., & Vona, M. (2006). Vulnerability assessment and earthquake damage scenarios of the building stock of Potenza (Southern Italy) using Italian and Greek methodologies. Engineering Structures, 28, 357–371.
- Senel, S. M., & Kayhan, A. H. (2010). Fragility based damage assessment in existing precast industrial building: A case study for Turkey. Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 34(1) 39–60.
- Benedetti, D., & Petrini, V. (1984). On the seismic vulnerability of masonry buildings: Proposal of year procedure evaluation. The Industry of Constr, 18, 66–78.
- Benedetti, D., Benzoni, G., & Parisi, M. A. (1988). Seismic vulnerability and risk evaluation for old urban nuclei. Earthquake Engineering Structural Dynamics, 16, 183–201.
- Bensaibi, M, Djaalali, F, Belheouane, I, Amellal, O, & Yousfi, N. (2011). Seismic vulnerability index method: Algerian case studies. In 8th International Conference on Urban Earthquake Engineering. Tokyo, Japan.
- Giovinazzi, S., Lagomarsino, S., & Penna, A. (2003). Seismic risk scenarios: Typological and mechanical approach in vulnerability Assessment. Geophysical Research Abstract, 5, 09910.
- Milutinovic, Z. V., & Trendafiloski, G. S. (2003). RISK-UE: (2003). An advanced approach to earthquake risks scenarios with to applications different European towns. WP4: Vulnerability of current buildings. Evk4-ct-2000-00014.
- Srikanth, T., Kumar, R. P., Singh, A. P., Rastogi, B. K., & Kumar, S. (2003). Earthquake vulnerability assessment of existing buildings in Gandhidham and Adipur cities Kachchh, Gujarat (India), European. Journal of Scientific Research, 41(3), 336-353.
- Vicente, R., Parodi, S., Lagomarsino, S., Varum, H., Mendes, D. A., & Silva, J. A. R. (2008). Seismic vulnerability assessment, damage scenarios and loss estimation case study of the old city centre of Coimbra Portugal. In 14th wold conference on earthquake engineering. Beijing, China.
- Lagomarsino, S., & Magenes, G. (2009). Evaluation and reduction of the vulnerability of masonry buildings. In G. Manfredi & M. Dolce (Eds.), The state of earthquake engineering research in Italy: The ReLUIS-DPC 2005–2008 project. Doppiavoce, Naples, Italy, (pp. 1–50).
- Braga, F., Dolce, M., & Liberator, O. (1982). A statistical study on damaged buildings and an ensuing review of the Msk-76 scale. In Proceedings of the seventh European conference one earthquake engineering, Athens, Greece.
- Coburn, A., & Spence, R. (1992). Earthquake protection. John Wiley and Sons.
- Cole, S. W., Xu, Y., & Burton, P. W. (2008). Seismic hazard and risk in Shanghai and estimation of expected building damage. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 28, 778–794.
- Huo, J. R., Lawson, R. S., & Kishi, N. G. (1998). Translation of earthquake vulnerability functions. In Eleventh european conference on earthquake engineering. Balkema.
- Whitman, R. V., Reed, J. W., & Hong, S. T. (1974). Earthquake damage probability matrices. In Proceedings of the fifth world conference on earthquake engineering (pp. 25–31). Rome, Italy.
- ATC-13. (1985). Earthquake damage evaluation data for California. Applied Technology Council.
- Lagomasino, S., & Giovinazzi, S. (2006). Macroseismic and mechanical models for the vulnerability and damage assessment of current buildings. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 4, 415–443.
- Rota, M., Penna, A., & Magenes, G. (2010). A methodology for deriving analytical fragility curves for masonry buildings based on stochastic nonlinear analyses. Engineering Structures, 32, 1312–1323.
- Pagnini, L. C., Vicente, R., Lagomarsino, S., & Varum, H. (2011). A mechanical model for the seismic vulnerability assessment of old masonry buildings. Earthquake and Structures, 2(1), 25-42.
- Dolce, M., Masi, A., Marino, M., & Vona, M. (2003). Earthquake damage scenarios of Potenza town (Southern Italy) including site effects. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 1(1), 115–140.
- Dolce, M., Kappos, A., Masi, A., Penelis, A. G, & Vona, M. (2006). Vulnerability assessment and earthquake damage scenarios of the building stock of Potenza (Southern Italy) using Italian and Greek methodologies. Engineering Structures, 28, 357–371.
- Martinelli, G., Cifani, G., Cialone, G., Corazza, L., Petracca, A., & Petrucci, G. (2008). Building vulnerability assessment and damage scenarios in Celano (Italy) using a quick survey data-based methodology. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 28, 875–889.
- Barbat, A. H., Pujades, L. G., & Lantada, N. (2008). Seismic damage evaluation in urban areas using the capacity spectrum method: Application to Barcelona. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 28, 851–865.
- Ansal, A., & Tonuk, G. (2010). Seismic Microzonation and earthquake damage scenarios for urban areas. Soil Dynamic and Earthquake Engineering, 30, 1319–1328.
- Vida, L. F., Feriche, M., Ruiz, A., & Ontiveros, A. (2010). Seismic vulnerability assessment of traditional unreinforced masonry buildings. The case of Granada city (Spain). In Ninth International Workshop on Seismic Microzoning Risk Reduction. Cuernavaca, México.
- Ansal, A., Akinci, G., Cultrera, M., Erdik, V., & Pessin, G. (2009). Loss estimates in Istanbul based on deterministic earthquake scenario. Soil Dynamic and Earthquake Engineering, 29(4), 699–709.
- Erdik, M., Sesetyan, K., Demircioglu, M. B., Hancilar, U., & C. Zulfikar. (2011). Rapid earthquake loss assessment after damaging earthquakes. Soil Dynamic and Earthquake Engineering, 31, 247–266.
- Park, J., Towashiraporn, P., Craigm, J. I., & Goodno, B. J. (2009). Seismic fragility analysis of low-rise unreinforced masonry structures. Journal of Engineering Structures, 31, 125–137.
- NIBS-National Institute of building Sciences. HAZUS 99 earthquake loss estimation methodology. Technical manual.
- Wen, Y. K., Ellingwood, B. E., Veneziano, D., & Bracci, J. (2003). Uncertainty modeling in earthquake engineering. Mid-America Earthquake Center Project FD-2 Report. Mid-America Earthquake Center, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Saeidi, A., Deck, O., & Verdel, T. (2009). Development of building vulnerability functions in subsidence regions from empirical methods. Journal of Engineering Structures, 31, 2275–2286.
- Rota, M., Penna, A., & Magenes, G. (2010). A methodology for deriving analytical fragility curves for masonry buildings based on stochastic nonlinear analysis. Journal of Engineering Structures, 32, 1312–1323.
- Illampas, R., Kyriakides, N., & Charmpis, D. C. (2018). Seismic fragility assessment of traditional adobe masonry buildings with limited stiffness. In 16th European conference on earthquake engineering. Greece.
- Despotaki, V., Silva, V., Lagomarsino, S., Pavlova, I., & Torres, J. (2018). Evaluation of seismic risk on UNESCO designated cultural heritage sites in Europe. In 16th European conference on earthquake engineering. Greece.
- Cabrera, T., Boulicaul, G., Hube, T., & María, H. S. (2018). Empirical fragility curves for masonry houses using data from two earthquakes in Chile. In 16th European conference on earthquake engineering. Greece.
- Djaalali, F. (2013). Détermination des courbes De vulnerabilite pour Le Bâti en maçonnerie de la capitale alger (Algérie). (D. Thesis). National School of Built and Ground Works Engineering.
- Djaalali, F., Bensaibi, M., & Bourahla, N. (2012). Evaluation of the vulnerability index for unreinforced masonry structures. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 166–169, 1387–1390.
- Djaalali, F., Bensaibi, M., & Bourahla, N. (2011). Vulnerabilité sismique des structures en maçonnerie application à la ville d’Alger. Algérie Equipement, 49, 2–10.
- Djaalali, F., Bensaibi, M., Bourahla, N., & Davene, L. (2012). Vulnerability curves for masonry constructions Algiers case study. Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 42(5), 609–629.
- Belheouane, F. I., & Bensaibi, M. (2012). Seismic vulnerability index for reinforced concrete construction in Algeria. Advanced Science Letter, 13, 364–368.
- Yousfi, N., & Bensaibi, M. (2012). Weighting assessment of vulnerability index parameters for reinforced masonry structures, Structural Engineering International, 27(1), 79–87.
- Amellal, O., & Bensaibi, M. (2020). Parametric study of the seismic vulnerability of steel structures and their vulnerability curves. Journal of Materials and Engineering Structures, 7, 359–375.
- Williams, M. S., & Sexsmith, R. G. (1985). Seismic damage indices for concrete structures: A state-of-the-art review. Earthquake Spectra, 11(2), 319–349.
- Park, Y.-J., & Ang, A.H.-S. (1985). Mechanistic seismic damage model for reinforced concrete. Journal of Structural Engineering, 111(4), 722–739. 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1985)111:4(722).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2026-0002 | Journal eISSN: 2083-831X (formerly 0137-124X) | Journal ISSN: 0137-6365
Language: English
Page range: 76 - 95
Submitted on: Apr 21, 2025
Accepted on: Feb 8, 2026
Published on: Aug 25, 2026
Published by: Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2026 Fouzia Djaalali, Mahmoud Bensaibi, published by Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.