Seismic Structure-Soil-Structure Interaction (SSSI) between piled neighboring bridges: Influence of height ratio

Mohanad Talal Alfach

doi:10.2478/sgem-2024-0003

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Seismic Structure-Soil-Structure Interaction (SSSI) between piled neighboring bridges: Influence of height ratio

Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica

Volume 46 (2024): Issue 1 (March 2024)

By: Mohanad Talal Alfach

Open Access

|Mar 2024

Figures & Tables

3D numerical mesh of soil–piles–bridge system.

Table 1:

Properties of cohesive soil.

ρ_s (kg/m³)	E_os (MPa)	υ_s	K_o	ζ_s (%)	C (kPa)	φ (0)	Ψ (0)
1700	8	0.3	0.5	5	150	0	0

Table 2:

Elastic characteristics of the superstructure.

ρ_st (kg/m³)	E_st (MPa)	v_st	ξ_st (%)	Mass (t)
2500	8000	0.3	2	350

[i] where ρ_st, E_st, and ν_st are the density, Young's modulus, and the coefficient of Poisson's ratio, respectively. ξ_st is the percentage of critical damping, D_p is the pile diameter, and EA and EI are the axial and bending stiffness, respectively.

Table 3:

Elastic characteristics of the pile materials.

Material	Diameter (m)	Mass density ρ (kg/m³)	Young's modulus E (MPa)	Poisson's ratio ν	Damping ratio ξ (%)	Height (m)
Pile	0.8	2500	20,000	0.3	2	10

Table 4:

Response of a group of (2 × 3) piles for Kocaeli earthquake (1999).

C Cohesion (kPa)	a_st (m/s²)	a_cap (m/s²)	Internal forces
			Central piles		Corner piles
			M_max Bending moment (kN m)	T_max Shear force (kN)	M_max Bending moment (kN m)	T_max Shear force (kN)
150	23.02	14.39	2244	1218	2189	1604

[i] a_st: acceleration of the superstructure

[ii] a_cap: acceleration of the cap

Table 5:

Response of a group of (4x3) piles for Kocaeli earthquake (1999).

C (kPa)	a_st (m/s²)	a_cap (m/s²)	Internal forces
			Central piles		Corner piles
			M_max (kN m)	T_max (kN)	M_max (kN m)	T_max (kN)
150	18.09	14.9	1411	837.8	1732	1233

Table 6:

Response of a group of (6×3) piles for Kocaeli earthquake (1999).

C (kPa)	a_st (m/s²)	a_cap (m/s²)	Internal forces
			Central piles		Corner piles
			M_max (kN m)	T_max (kN)	M_max (kN m)	T_max (kN)
150	11.99	10.82	2363	623.3	2947	1007

Parallel bridges system 3D numerical mesh with adsorbing boundaries (552 structural elements and 41,361 nodes).

Distribution of plasticity (red zones) for two single isolated bridges (M_st = 350 and 700 t).

Distribution of plasticity (red zones) for different spacings between the three dissimilar bridges (M_st = 350, 700, and 350 t).

Table 7:

Influence of the spacing inter-bridge on the seismic response of three dissimilar parallel bridges system.

S (m)	a_st (m/s²)		a_cap (m/s²)		Internal forces
					Central piles				Corner piles
					Pile (2) (M_st = 350 t)		Pile (16) (M_st = 700 t)		Pile (1) (M_st = 350 t)		Pile (7) (M_st = 700 t)
					M_max (kN m)	T_max (kN)	M_max (kN m)	T_max (kN)	M_max (kN m)	T_max (kN)	M_max (kN m)	T_max (kN)
One bridge (M_st = 350 t and S = 0)	23.02		14.39		2244	1218			2189	1604
One bridge (M_st = 700 t and S = 0)	18.09		14.9				1640	1134			1732	1233
S (m)	Bridge (M_st = 350 t)		Bridge (M_st = 700 t)		Three dissimilar parallel bridges
a_st	a_cap	a_st	a_cap	Pile (2) (M_st = 350 t)		Pile (16) (M_st = 700 t)		Pile (1) (M_st = 350 t)		Pile (7) (M_st = 700 t)
20	11.5	6.61	8.45	5.78	1981	1169	1123	998	1824	1310	1218	1090
30	11.8	6.88	8.63	5.94	2021	1200	1156	1006	1870	1273	1222	1118
40	12	7.1	8.81	6.05	2035	1242	1176	1037	1935	1361	1278	1157

Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Internal forces at corner pile (7) of the bridge (700 t).

Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Internal forces at central pile (16) of the bridge (700 t).

Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Internal forces at corner pile (1) of the bridge (350 t).

Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Internal forces at central pile (16) of the bridge (350 t).

Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Masses accelerations.

Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Fourier spectra diagram.

Perpendicular bridges system 3D numerical mesh with adsorbing boundaries (552 structural elements and 77,990 nodes).

Crossing bridges system 3D numerical mesh with adsorbing boundaries (552 structural elements and 77,990 nodes).

Distribution of plasticity for two single isolated bridges (M_st =350 and 700 t).

Distribution of plasticity (red zones) for different positioning of the three dissimilar bridges (M_st = 350, 700, and 350 t).

Table 8:

Influence of different positioning of three dissimilar bridges on the seismic response system.

Position	a_st (m/s²)		a_cap (m/s²)		Internal forces
					Central piles				Corner piles
					Pile (2) (M_st = 350 t)		Pile (15) (M_st = 700 t)		Pile (1) (M_st = 350 t)		Pile (7) (M_st = 700 t)
					M_max (kN m)	T_max (kN)	M_max (kN m)	T_max (kN)	M_max (kN m)	T_max (kN)	M_max (kN m)	T_max (kN)
One perpendicular bridge (M_st = 350 t)	20.1		11.5		3979	1268			4093	1330
One perpendicular bridge (M_st = 700 t)	20.53		12.49				2196	1325			2061	1294
Position	Bridge (M_st = 350 t)		Bridge (M_st = 700 t)		Three dissimilar bridges
	a_st	a_cap	a_st	a_cap	Pile (2) (M_st = 350 t)		Pile (15) (M_st = 700 t)		Pile (1) (M_st = 350 t)		Pile (7) (M_st = 700 t)
Parallel	11.5	6.61	8.45	5.78	1981	1169	1218	1090	1890	1309	1218	1090
Perpendicular	0.54	6.52	1.83	1.44	501.9	155.4	1508	363.1	490.4	161.2	1438	328.6
Crossing	0.53	6.47	2.46	1.34	457.8	143.2	1367	545	478.7	159.6	1367	545.2

Three dissimilar bridges: Internal forces at corner pile (7) of the bridge (700 t).

Three dissimilar bridges: Internal forces at central pile (15) of the bridge (700 t).

Three dissimilar bridges: Internal forces at corner pile (1) of the bridge (350 t).

Three dissimilar bridges: Internal forces at central pile (2) of the bridge (350 t).

Three dissimilar bridges: Masses accelerations.

Three dissimilar bridges: Fourier spectra diagram.

Parallel bridges system 3D numerical mesh with adsorbing boundaries (552 structural elements and 33,072 nodes).

Distribution of plasticity for two single isolated bridges.

Distribution of plasticity (red zones) for different spacing between the three dissimilar bridges (M_st = 350, 1050 T, and 350 t).

Table 9:

Influence of inter-bridge spacing on the seismic response of three dissimilar parallel bridges system


S (m)	a_st (m/s²)		a_cap (m/s²)		Internal forces
					Central piles				Corner piles
					Pile (2) (M_st = 350 t)		Pile (15) (M_st = 1050 t)		Pile (1) (M_st = 350 t)		Pile (7) (M_st = 1050 t)
					M_max (kN m)	T_max (kN)	M_max (kN m)	T_max (kN)	M_max (kN m)	T_max (kN)	M_max (kN m)	T_max (kN)
One bridge (M_st = 350 t and S = 0)	20.1		11.5		3979	1268			4093	1330
One bridge (M_st = 1050 t and S = 0)	20.53		12.49				2196	1325			2061	1294
S (m)	Bridge (M_st = 350 t)		Bridge (M_st = 1050 t)		Three dissimilar bridges
	Ast	a_cap	Ast	a_cap	Pile (2) (M_st = 350 t)		Pile (15) (M_st = 1050 t)		Pile (1) (M_st = 350 t)		Pile (7) (M_st = 1050 t)
20 m	11.6	11.6	5.78	4.58	2091	1189	1260	294.8	1929	1236	1496	426.3
30 m	12.1	12.2	5.95	4.79	2166	1271	1322	305.4	1969	1283	1517	428
40 m	12.7	12.7	6.15	5.12	2241	1360	1392	316	2017	1333	1552	433

Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Internal forces at corner pile (7) of the bridge (1050 t).

Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Internal forces at corner pile (15) of the bridge (1050 t).

Three dissimilar parallel bridges: Internal forces at central pile (2) of the bridge (350 t).

Bridge–soil–bridge system 3D numerical mesh with adsorbing boundaries (690 structural elements and 78,286 nodes).

Distribution of plasticity for two single isolated bridges (M_st = 350 and 1050 t).

Distribution of plasticity (red zones) for different positioning of the three dissimilar bridges (M_st = 350, 1050, and 350 t).

Table 10:

Influence of different positioning of three dissimilar bridges on the seismic response system.

Position	a_st (m/s²)		a_cap (m/s²)		Internal forces
					Central piles				Corner piles
					Pile (2) (M_st = 350 t)		Pile (15) (M_st = 1050 t)		Pile (1) (M_st = 350 t)		Pile (7) (M_st = 1050 t)
					M_max (kN m)	T_max (kN)	M_max (kN m)	T_max (kN)	M_max (kN m)	T_max (kN)	M_max (kN m)	T_max (kN)
One perpendicular bridge (M_st = 350 t)	20.1		11.5		3979	1268			4093	1330
One perpendicular bridge (M_st = 1050 t)	20.53		12.49				2196	1325			2061	1294
Position	Bridge (M_st = 350 t)		Bridge (M_st = 1050 t)		Three dissimilar bridges
	a_st	a_cap	a_st	a_cap	Pile (2) (M_st = 350 t)		Pile (15) (M_st = 1050 t)		Pile (1) (M_st = 350 t)		Pile (7) (M_st = 1050 t)
Parallel	11.6	11.6	5.78	4.58	2091	1189	1260	294.8	1929	1236	1496	426.3
Perpendicular	0.54	6.47	2.81	1.17	411.8	113.4	1580	282.7	388	130.5	1578	456.2
Crossing	0.51	6.3	5.67	2.39	370.2	110.6	1042	589.7	360.8	123.2	2412	1274

Three dissimilar bridges: Internal forces at corner pile (7) of the bridge (1050 t).

Three dissimilar bridges: Internal forces at central pile (15) of the bridge (1050 t).

References

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2024-0003 | Journal eISSN: 2083-831X (formerly 0137-124X) | Journal ISSN: 0137-6365

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Language: English

Page range: 45 - 75

Submitted on: Jan 15, 2023

Accepted on: Feb 17, 2024

Published on: Mar 29, 2024

Published by: Wroclaw University of Science and Technology

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

SSSI,

different superstructure masses,

height ratios,

dissimilar adjacent bridges,

seismic,

Related subjects:

Physics,

Mechanics and fluid dynamics

© 2024 Mohanad Talal Alfach, published by Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 46 (2024): Issue 1 (March 2024)

Seismic Structure-Soil-Structure Interaction (SSSI) between piled neighboring bridges: Influence of height ratio

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