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Figure A1
Calibration of the model parameters for the hypoplastic sand model_
| Parameter | Description | Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Basic hypoplastictiy | φc | Critical friction angle | 33.0 |
| hs | Granular hardness (kPa) | 2.5 × 106 | |
| n | Stiffness exponent ruling pressure-sensitivity | 0.42 | |
| ed0 | Limiting minimum void ratio at p = 0 kPa | 0.613 | |
| ec0 | Limiting void ratio at p = 0 kPa | 1.01 | |
| ei0 | Limiting maximum void ratio at p = 0 kPa | 1.21 | |
| α | Exponent linking peak stress with critical stress | 0.13 | |
| β | Stiffness exponent scaling barotropy factor | 0.8 | |
| Intergranular strain concept | R | Elastic range | 0.00004 |
| mR | Stiffness multiplier | 4.0 | |
| mT | Stiffness multiplier after 90° change in strain path | 2.0 | |
| βR | Control of rate of evolution of intergranular strain | 0.8 | |
| χ | Control on interpolation between elastic and hypoplastic response | 0.5 | |
| ϑ | Control on strain accumulation | 5.0 |