Figure 1
Share of energy from renewable sources, 2018 [1].
Figure 2
Percentage distribution of energy consumption by sector in 2018 [1].
Figure 3
Types of ventilated facades: a) with open joints; b) with closed joints [6].
Figure 4
Heat transfer in a) ventilated facade; b) ETICS facade.
Figure 5
Facade diagrams for numerical simulations of ventilated facade.
Figure 6
Location of temperature measurement points: a) closed-joint ventilated facade; b) open-joint ventilated facade.
Figure 7
Airflow for individual numerical models: a) closed joint: 2.5 m/s; b) closed joint: 10 m/s; c) open joint: 2.5 m/s; d) open joint: 10 m/s.
Figure 8
Temperature course for individual numerical models: a) closed joint: 2.5 m/s; b) closed joint: 10 m/s; c) open joint: 2.5 m/s; d) open joint: 10 m/s.
Table 1
Summary of temperatures and air velocities for measurement points.
| Wind speed | Point 10 | Point 11 | Point 16 | Point 17 | Point 18 | Point 19 | Point 20 | Point 21 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temp | Speed | Temp | Speed | Temp | Speed | Temp | Speed | Temp | Speed | Temp | Speed | Temp | Speed | Temp | Speed | ||
| K | m/s | K | m/s | K | m/s | K | m/s | K | m/s | K | m/s | K | m/s | K | m/s | ||
| Close joint | 0.0 | 351.8 | 0.0 | 352.7 | 0.0 | ||||||||||||
| 2.5 | 313.8 | 4.6 | 315.1 | 6.0 | |||||||||||||
| 5.0 | 311.5 | 7.8 | 311.7 | 13.9 | |||||||||||||
| 10.0 | 311.4 | 14.8 | 311.4 | 27.8 | |||||||||||||
| 15.0 | 311.3 | 32.0 | 311.3 | 41.7 | |||||||||||||
| Open joint | 0.0 | 351.9 | 0.0 | 351.8 | 0.0 | 351.7 | 0.0 | 351.7 | 0.0 | 352.7 | 0.0 | 352.7 | 0.0 | ||||
| 2.5 | 313.4 | 3.8 | 316.0 | 5.2 | 317.2 | 5.6 | 317.2 | 4.0 | 314.6 | 4.5 | 314.4 | 7.4 | |||||
| 5.0 | 312.3 | 7.8 | 313.2 | 11.2 | 313.0 | 10.5 | 312.4 | 7.4 | 311.2 | 11.1 | 312.0 | 16.5 | |||||
| 10.0 | 311.8 | 15.6 | 312.5 | 21.7 | 312.4 | 20.2 | 312.0 | 14.1 | 311.1 | 22.3 | 311.8 | 33.1 | |||||
| 15.0 | 311.7 | 23.4 | 312.2 | 32.2 | 312.2 | 29.9 | 311.8 | 20.8 | 311.2 | 33.2 | 311.7 | 49.7 | |||||
Figure 9
Compilation of temperature and air velocity for the ventilated facade with closed joints at Point 10.
Figure 10
Compilation of temperature and air velocity for the ventilated facade with closed joints at Point 11.
Figure 11
Compilation of temperature and airflow velocity for individual measurement points inside the ventilation space for a ventilated facade with closed joints.
Figure 12
Compilation of temperature and air velocity for individual measurement points outside the cladding for a ventilated facade with closed joints.
Figure 13
Location of temperature measurement points: a) closed-joint ventilated facade; b) open-joint ventilated facade.
Table 2
Compilation of temperatures for measurement points inside the room and within the wall.
| Wind speed | Point 1 | Point 2 | Point 3 | Point 4 | Point 5 | Point 6 | Point 7 | Point 8 | Point 9 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temp | Temp | Temp | Temp | Temp | Temp | Temp | Temp | Temp | ||
| K | K | K | K | K | K | K | K | K | ||
| Close joint | 0.0 | 293.2 | 305.1 | 317.1 | 329.1 | 335.3 | 339.8 | 340.6 | 341.7 | 350.6 |
| 2.5 | 293.2 | 298.5 | 304.0 | 309.5 | 312.3 | 314.4 | 314.8 | 315.3 | 316.5 | |
| 5.0 | 293.2 | 296.7 | 300.4 | 304.0 | 305.9 | 307.3 | 307.6 | 307.9 | 311.3 | |
| 10.0 | 293.2 | 296.7 | 300.3 | 304.0 | 305.9 | 307.3 | 307.5 | 307.9 | 311.3 | |
| 15.0 | 293.2 | 296.7 | 300.3 | 304.0 | 305.9 | 307.3 | 307.5 | 307.9 | 311.3 | |
| Open joint | 0.0 | 293.2 | 305.1 | 317.1 | 329.2 | 335.3 | 339.8 | 340.7 | 341.7 | 350.6 |
| 2.5 | 293.2 | 298.3 | 303.5 | 308.8 | 311.6 | 313.5 | 313.9 | 314.4 | 316.1 | |
| 5.0 | 293.2 | 296.8 | 300.4 | 304.1 | 306.0 | 307.4 | 307.6 | 308.0 | 311.4 | |
| 10.0 | 293.2 | 296.7 | 300.3 | 304.0 | 305.9 | 307.3 | 307.5 | 307.9 | 311.2 | |
| 15.0 | 293.2 | 296.7 | 300.3 | 304.0 | 305.9 | 307.2 | 307.5 | 307.9 | 311.2 |
Figure 14
Temperature overview for the control points of the close-joint facade.
Figure 15
Temperature overview for the control points of the open-joint facade.