Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Measuring techniques and sensors used in dynamic tests of bridges_
| Physical quantity | Measuring techniques and sensors |
|---|---|
| Linear displacement | Mechanical sensors |
| Inductive sensors | |
| Vibrating wire sensors | |
| Capacitive sensors | |
| Digital Image Correlation | |
| Fiber optics sensors | |
| Laser techniques | |
| Radar techniques | |
| Angular displacement | Inclinometers |
| Fiber optics sensors | |
| MEMS sensors | |
| Strain/stress | Resistance gauges |
| Fiber optics sensors | |
| Vibrating wire sensors | |
| MEMS sensors | |
| Vibration velocity and acceleration | Piezoelectric sensors |
| Capacitive sensors | |
| Inertia sensors | |
| Inductive sensors | |
| Radar techniques | |
| Laser techniques | |
| MEMS sensors | |
| Crack opening | Mechanical sensors |
| Inductive sensors | |
| Fiber optics sensors | |
| Vibrating wire sensors | |
| Bearing/cables reactions | Resistance gauges |
| Piezoelectric sensors | |
| Vibrating wire sensors |
Requirements for dynamic tests of bridges in Poland_
| Characteristics of bridge dynamic tests | Road bridges | Railway bridges | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| concrete | steel | concrete | steel | |
| 1. Obligatory proof load tests | structures on investor’s or owner’s recommendation | with spans longer than 21 m, prototypes, structures with damages, other structures on investor’s recommendation | with spans longer than 15 m and other structures on investor’s or owner’s recommendation | with spans longer than 21 m, prototypes, structures with damages, other structures on investor’s recommendation |
| 2. Dynamic loads | trucks or exciters | trucks or exciters | locomotives or exciters | locomotives or exciters |
| 3. Artificial bumps | h = 0,10 m, by v = 0, 6 vmax | not specified | not acceptable | |
| 4. Dynamic tests condition | positive results of static tests | |||
| 5. Loading vehicles speed | from 10 km/h with step 20 km/h up to allowable speed vmax | |||
| 6. Measured values | strain, displacement, acceleration, velocity of vibration | |||
| 7. Assessment criteria | individually defined by certified research center | |||