Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6
![Graph for reading Dp value for ratios θv ⁄ b ∈ [2.0,1.0] and θv ⁄ b∈ [0.25,0.125]. Note that the colour in the legend indicates θv ⁄ b and the line type (coloured on black in the legend) indicates θv ⁄ b.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647378aa4e662f30ba53f7ef/j_sgem-2019-0037_fig_006.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKHYYZXNQQ%2F20260316%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260316T052425Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEAUaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJGMEQCICrNj5kbI3WvLeSq%2BLTLfK%2FVuuoQ8bSpkMXYXtubm33sAiA4Mccc9t0Bi6VRYs4viaAkiuifN4xi8NoqxE3fewR6wirEBQjO%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDk2MzEzNDI4OTk0MCIMATe4HuWuXJlLf9zKKpgFqmUuvOrYGusNuQQEu9kBjQrG2wGjXhBoP988PBk6blw4%2F20%2FR0MbZNg0y4%2BrfDd6UMFiDIHdvoqN6VFYBTTEt9tkYnTrYP7J4pOGzogIiPzL3yRJ13x69Rl4P482OLe9PXL7JYIxRh2KHdNldXz02CH9%2B206fKsfe%2Bd6i9R%2B8Fr%2BzaBSXd6eHmhWcj53EPX9CDunV9X2wx7yxkvPqL0JW8bp90GIHCMxMKpAbo8MAKMtdj8JZDLRRNrvs0uYbdr%2BZ19WbKvPY%2Fmy2OiqtxPoMT%2BPJYTJ%2BoKouSJm6xeUK8UYXkO079z2IiexJg2ovtXfnaoizYwsKxdyLEA7QVCA87EvB4CcjiW%2BU1SewlStAub69la0r4mWNp7vnzb7YB1Ewp4%2FkUxaIjaQ%2B6PEp5MlhnwZjjcToJ9IS%2Bz%2BQwu%2Bf%2BMj6epM7u6Z7ILqv9Ax4J5PElCdcrJm7whWVxfuaGHRSc4V4Tie%2F00%2BTf9B4Vu1CGzsdFjDtsKohO0hdUfp5kDSq5SRHqMkxVi85GQPH8fiVAAjRt1AzvFCx855YCsa1Aw0fYeBTMjJqH8KOLEtLy%2F%2F9bAQL7m%2BAcYjxSagmGTRQNFEqNYU%2Br4icEfPIcrbKFNKFTTDfdnXcnpfT94Jdiuqf7nJchKSrQDykjbSuTddhp%2Bgrjc5QO%2BHSF%2Fc25xbR2KEFxfToqyd%2B3U4irXc%2FckrSLeBy1X1qsNdK5YnBOzL0uCaRxVaAMoBm%2FNQHD3tckPY59InAt%2BE7ZPVzLbpi2t8TKWMDpN08L%2BPzC8Yno0A79b%2Fzva2o%2FAcn2MZ14%2FHglwyMvvUg%2BWyAWc5Uc%2FjIqyiIB5O9wANV5rLHkneTSfRTJVyp1wT3nGm6%2FwPvT5o83TxJ4E0w4FeDjC%2Bl97NBjqyAebK%2B4BJJJnp2j8Aws3lKpHf31IpumloaCJeoG8tQeFFKYMuXxoiY7AFUHTs6%2FWEPlDVpf8jOx2YB9IH9gej9LP6y%2FZqVEiS3RR%2BMiAFwOHe1yHigWeNdFtsOAc%2FfCKxTaQ8OeBP2vzYNqaO9XSED%2F9SpySFiSeTLCXv%2FmPx%2FolULb91DQo9j3hhZYWhq4htaATgU7q8hDV9ubnfdwhCGvJmvluBgmef%2BuyneOEEISRxdTE%3D&X-Amz-Signature=71ab1d56d3f78969c8965c8718c1ff5a96d8d86f39960a25cbff193d2c766e26&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 7
![Graph for reading Dp value for ratios θv ⁄ b ∈ [1.0,0.25]. Note that the colour in the legend indicates θv ⁄ b and the line type (coloured on black in the legend) indicates θv ⁄ b.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647378aa4e662f30ba53f7ef/j_sgem-2019-0037_fig_007.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKHYYZXNQQ%2F20260316%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260316T052425Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEAUaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJGMEQCICrNj5kbI3WvLeSq%2BLTLfK%2FVuuoQ8bSpkMXYXtubm33sAiA4Mccc9t0Bi6VRYs4viaAkiuifN4xi8NoqxE3fewR6wirEBQjO%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDk2MzEzNDI4OTk0MCIMATe4HuWuXJlLf9zKKpgFqmUuvOrYGusNuQQEu9kBjQrG2wGjXhBoP988PBk6blw4%2F20%2FR0MbZNg0y4%2BrfDd6UMFiDIHdvoqN6VFYBTTEt9tkYnTrYP7J4pOGzogIiPzL3yRJ13x69Rl4P482OLe9PXL7JYIxRh2KHdNldXz02CH9%2B206fKsfe%2Bd6i9R%2B8Fr%2BzaBSXd6eHmhWcj53EPX9CDunV9X2wx7yxkvPqL0JW8bp90GIHCMxMKpAbo8MAKMtdj8JZDLRRNrvs0uYbdr%2BZ19WbKvPY%2Fmy2OiqtxPoMT%2BPJYTJ%2BoKouSJm6xeUK8UYXkO079z2IiexJg2ovtXfnaoizYwsKxdyLEA7QVCA87EvB4CcjiW%2BU1SewlStAub69la0r4mWNp7vnzb7YB1Ewp4%2FkUxaIjaQ%2B6PEp5MlhnwZjjcToJ9IS%2Bz%2BQwu%2Bf%2BMj6epM7u6Z7ILqv9Ax4J5PElCdcrJm7whWVxfuaGHRSc4V4Tie%2F00%2BTf9B4Vu1CGzsdFjDtsKohO0hdUfp5kDSq5SRHqMkxVi85GQPH8fiVAAjRt1AzvFCx855YCsa1Aw0fYeBTMjJqH8KOLEtLy%2F%2F9bAQL7m%2BAcYjxSagmGTRQNFEqNYU%2Br4icEfPIcrbKFNKFTTDfdnXcnpfT94Jdiuqf7nJchKSrQDykjbSuTddhp%2Bgrjc5QO%2BHSF%2Fc25xbR2KEFxfToqyd%2B3U4irXc%2FckrSLeBy1X1qsNdK5YnBOzL0uCaRxVaAMoBm%2FNQHD3tckPY59InAt%2BE7ZPVzLbpi2t8TKWMDpN08L%2BPzC8Yno0A79b%2Fzva2o%2FAcn2MZ14%2FHglwyMvvUg%2BWyAWc5Uc%2FjIqyiIB5O9wANV5rLHkneTSfRTJVyp1wT3nGm6%2FwPvT5o83TxJ4E0w4FeDjC%2Bl97NBjqyAebK%2B4BJJJnp2j8Aws3lKpHf31IpumloaCJeoG8tQeFFKYMuXxoiY7AFUHTs6%2FWEPlDVpf8jOx2YB9IH9gej9LP6y%2FZqVEiS3RR%2BMiAFwOHe1yHigWeNdFtsOAc%2FfCKxTaQ8OeBP2vzYNqaO9XSED%2F9SpySFiSeTLCXv%2FmPx%2FolULb91DQo9j3hhZYWhq4htaATgU7q8hDV9ubnfdwhCGvJmvluBgmef%2BuyneOEEISRxdTE%3D&X-Amz-Signature=d7343f497f10180db7a2be6ea06ae2894a459e6a7389c60b018cf9bbe03c7610&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

Exemplary usage of the graphs proposed in this study_ Detailed descriptions are in the text_
| No. | Scenario description | COVp read from graphs [-] | COVp determined by numerical analyses [-] | Difference [%] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a [m] | b [m] | θv [m] | θh [m] | COVcu [-] | ||||
| 1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 12.0 | 0.6 | 0.41 | 0.435 | −6.1% |
| 2 | 10.0 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 5.0 | 0.4 | 0.226 | 0.210 | +7.1% |
| 3 | 20.0 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 0.29 | 0.311 | −7.2% |
| 4 | 25.0 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.057 | 0.052 | +8.7% |
| 5 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 0.451 | 0.458 | −1.5% |
| 6 | 25.0 | 3.0 | 0.5 | 10.0 | 1.0 | 0.29 | 0.280 | +3.4% |
| 7 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 0.40 | ∞ | 0.24 | 0.13 | 0.130 | 0.0% |
| 8 | 20.0 | 1.0 | 0.47 | ∞ | 0.51 | 0.40 | 0.403 | −0.7% |
Coefficients from Eq_ (A_2)–Eq_ (A_5) for rough and smooth foundation base_ Note that the undrained shear strengths ci are defined individually for each dissipation region (for more details see Chwała, 2019a)_
| Coeff. | Expression |
|---|---|
| m1 | c1 cot β2 + 2c21(α2 + β2) + c2 cot α2 |
| m2 | c6 cot α2 + 2c24(α2 + β2) + c5 cot β2 |
| m3 | c8 cot α2 + 2c23(α2 + β2) + c7 cot β2 |
| m4 | c3 cot β3 + 2c22(α3 + β3) + c4 cot α3 |
| m5 | c10 cot α3 + 2c26(α3 + β3) + c9 cot β3 |
| m6 | c12 cot α3 + 2c25(α3 + β3) + c11 cot β3 |
| m7 | c16 cot α1 + 2c28(α1 + β1) + c14 cot β1 |
| m8 | c15 cot α1 + 2c27(α1 + β1) + c13 cot β1 |
| m9 | c20 cot α4 + 2c30(α4 + β4) + c19 cot β4 |
| m10 | c18 cot α4 + 2c29(α4 + β4) + c17 cot β4 |
| n1 | |
| n2 | |
| n3 | |
| n4 | |
| n5 | |
| n6 | |
| n7 | |
| n8 |
Comparison of the results obtained in this study with those obtained by Simoes et al_ (2014) by random finite limit analysis_
| Scenario | Method | μNc [-] | σNc [-] | COVNc [-] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| COVcu=0.5 | RFLA (Simoes et al. 2014) | 4.77 | 1.68 | 0.35 |
| θ=8.0 m | This study | 5.19 | 2.14 | 0.41 |
| COVcu=1.0 | RFLA (Simoes et al. 2014) | 3.72 | 1.23 | 0.33 |
| θ=2.0 m | This study | 4.51 | 1.77 | 0.39 |