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![Local and global failure mechanism: a) Prandtl failure mechanism (Prandtl[33]), b) global failure mechanism (method of characteristics) for di/a = 12.22 and ρ = 15°, c) solution for the modified Coulomb condition, the method of characteristics grid for ρ = 10°, Sc/Sr = 5, d) determination of the upper limit: block compressed by flat stamps (modified condition)](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6473788b4e662f30ba53f7de/j_sgem-2019-0029_fig_004.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKEREN5X3W%2F20260221%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260221T062802Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEN3%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJGMEQCIA4MSM3j6niEdxDJ549Fu7DGjJysfsfMiPOPsYdwPiDdAiAeNkhabAvulIbrS80G8gNcOoMjVrbZCld2nkPcWk2iPCrGBQim%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDk2MzEzNDI4OTk0MCIMXCBYAAThgIhDxF%2FrKpoFaBPSK6KwRZNo3tndntWMUCmSQ%2BE9EmKZR4j1HXUiKrPSBSgr1qa8NqLdGgblZNnJ7lZq68FIE8qxnCPENcJaIi2anKEbH3zoEtN4E1tKP%2F97GpOFOXCYQCAzypYAmkOi4dQMiAPAjHwYCZKSuQChZIFPIGoVSNE3ZP7JbdkWEz6HW6gSrfakDVwADR3zzh34AvlqXKtH%2FBH7GusocS%2FHU665CoAzfz3Rc4pKFZrr5pt4XaXlxNp23P%2FbPmj5engqMawpgwd12enxz7JjbKBxAhqvPMk9ixxsZoWFZVVdINdrhaXz1VBVQXSONvQF%2FTkoi4%2FaY%2Bp8ydogGXcS1F5hcEi4bfKuYCsjzl68OhOiU0PtXmhE7goZXJZXYflsH5wIzFQcpBQXVcuCc8JeG5yw22%2FzMbYh%2Fi8%2BXr%2BGcs06qIXTVhxd7nYdOyA194XUC2nylPfzVdaMWvw2Pdpnabq6lTVrRi68vlE0%2Fypj5pS7lvTuVnzRzamhGnf3fsibFxmi1nMsL4tdQsbIeuXBiSmsFEk%2Fqpg4yeA4ynL3iZsA0TuO%2By0ilaX%2FbXyLXNWfG8U045azXwN07M%2B4vEcQWvO5%2FvfQ%2FUAymJR3FZDPqKsh5Gbs0iGXE21L6IgOUpm3q8NOeni9z9tZZnxkV8XxOkl9h5JEH5ptAwB5cq1XRH6bdm4G%2BA64OdFEV8DUxf%2FaTSP%2B6t7drnDxRtM6IxgWhxvVbzBxxnaWch6kWslPANGZgnPmanmfkFK3QwGGt45HiIcubtKNa6g850Y7XI6j%2F6%2B7GHekThjErygmvb0lCt78WcK2jZIgMZoolmKffTOL5LC%2BpZdjGQYA3WWbwa7D7MkGPNPgcgeUNpSrql3pdXnVzrblSQ0Z8hlJuFlQMJXw5MwGOrIBgC8A19eB3LDsWqYDR5YXmyhzxspc29R8DopBEV07lOrlLoQAq%2FyNA8p7PlLRfj8AsNVhkzkIX94vnRWI26NNhoX7DFm%2Fn70ZSnmQEfWBaMcuWByHxDGmxlInHCdxmkHJvt9slHfjKq4FNWnpI4eln3OltTqf1HBvl7rsibbBvlIz8P6oc1AUMg1q7awnLYexJf5eWxjI%2B%2BvqnYAzMX7iQUVvzgp5r%2FwcRbwfLMMx7miMNQ%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=fb1f3c1cc0e270115a8245411e6a20edf8c6ce4b8a1566e78a1f50f1c4b99742&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
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Crushing forces, crushing energy and technical performance
| Crushing plates type | Maximum crushing force | Average maximum crushing force | Average crushing force | Specific energy | Technical performance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fpeak | Fav | Ls | Wt | ||
| [kN] | [kN] | [kN] | [kJ/kg] | [t/h] | |
| I | 262.80 | 138.76 | 45.72 | 3.07 | 2.13 |
| II | 234.39 | 64.84 | 16.69 | 3.71 | 0.38 |
| III | 229.89 | 62.74 | 17.01 | 3.59 | 0.40 |
| IV | 148.25 | 59.64 | 18.12 | 2.29 | 1.10 |
| V | 152.18 | 60.52 | 18.23 | 2.31 | 1.24 |
| VI | 127.03 | 60.24 | 18.70 | 2.14 | 0.82 |
Changes in crushing parameter values as a function of feed mass_ Maximum crushing force, specific energy, technical performance and crushing time_ Crushing of sandstone “Mucharz” between the flat plates
| Feed size | Mass | Specific energy | Maximum crushing force | Technical performance | Crushing time | Number of samples |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D | m | Ls | Fpeak | Wt | tc | i |
| [mm] | [kg] | [kJ/kg] | [kN] | [t/h] | [s] | [-] |
| 90 | 2.01 | 2.71 | 202.14 | 1.71 | 4.23 | 12 |
| 90 | 3.44 | 2.83 | 221.81 | 1.79 | 6.93 | 11 |
| 90 | 3.92 | 2.9 | 231.93 | 1.84 | 7.69 | 11 |
| 90 | 4.78 | 3.02 | 261.98 | 1.93 | 8.9 | 12 |
| 90 | 6.2 | 3.1 | 269.94 | 2.07 | 10.8 | 11 |
| 90 | 7.37 | 3.07 | 262.80 | 2.13 | 12.44 | 12 |
| 90 | 10.2 | 3.12 | 265.43 | 2.14 | 17.13 | 11 |
| 90 | 20.5 | 3.11 | 267.32 | 2.12 | 34.81 | 11 |
Product grain size, degree of fineness
| Set | I | II | III | IV | V | VI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| d80% | 12.19 | 12.88 | 13.83 | 13.85 | 13.87 | 13.62 |
| n80% | 7.38 | 6.99 | 6.51 | 6.50 | 6.49 | 6.61 |
Product particle size distribution for 6 sets of crushing plates
| Set | I | II | III | IV | V | VI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fraction d [mm] | Residue on sieves, share of grain fraction fn [%] | |||||
| 31.5 < d | 1.13 | 0.81 | 3.35 | 4.75 | 6.11 | 3.13 |
| 16 < d ≤ 31.5 | 39.92 | 49.15 | 49.35 | 56.82 | 51.58 | 56.69 |
| 8 < d ≤ 16 | 29.92 | 22.46 | 21.98 | 20.12 | 22.66 | 17.21 |
| 4 < d ≤ 8 | 11.64 | 10.94 | 10.85 | 7.58 | 7.77 | 9.75 |
| 2 < d ≤ 4 | 5.14 | 5.23 | 4.00 | 3.37 | 3.27 | 4.01 |
| 1 < d ≤ 2 | 3.68 | 3.44 | 2.97 | 2.16 | 2.25 | 2.65 |
| 0.5 < d ≤ 1 | 2.35 | 1.91 | 2.21 | 1.27 | 1.71 | 1.57 |
| 0.25 < d ≤ 0.5 | 1.99 | 1.62 | 1.51 | 1.04 | 1.34 | 1.40 |
| 0.125 < d ≤ 0.25 | 2.18 | 1.61 | 1.62 | 0.99 | 1.39 | 1.44 |
| 0.063 < d ≤ 0.125 | 2.05 | 1.67 | 0.54 | 1.06 | 1.38 | 1.43 |
| d ≤ 0.063 | 0.66 | 1.17 | 1.62 | 0.84 | 0.54 | 0.73 |