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Material properties used in the validation (Sinha and Hanna 2016)
| Material | Properties | Unit | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Soil | Young’s modulus, Es | MPa | 54 |
| Poisson’s ratio, νs | - | 0.15 | |
| Unit weight, γ | kPa | 19 | |
| Angle of internal friction, φ | ° | 20 | |
| Raft | Young’s modulus, Er | GPa | 34 |
| Pile | Young’s modulus, Ep | GPa | 25 |
| Poisson’s ratio, νp | - | 0.2 |
Material properties used in the parametric analysis
| Material | Properties | Unit | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Soil | Unsaturated unit weight, γunsat | kN/m3 | 16 |
| Young’s modulus, Es | MPa | 25 (Soft clay) | |
| 82 (Stiff clay) | |||
| Poisson’s ratio, νs | - | 0.495 | |
| Angle of internal friction, φ | ° | 0 | |
| Undrained cohesion | kPa | 25 (Soft clay) | |
| 80 (Stiff clay) | |||
| Raft | Young’s modulus, Er | GPa | 25 |
| Poisson’s ratio, νr | - | 0.25 | |
| Pile | Young’s modulus, Ep | GPa | 25 |
| Poisson’s ratio, νp | - | 0.25 |
Pile lengths used for different pile-raft configurations
| Name and no. of piles, Np | Pile length, Lp (m) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| PRC with uniform pile lengths | PRC with “W”-shaped pile lengths | PRC with “V”-shaped pile lengths | |
| P1 (1 pile) | 30 | L1W = 24.46 | L1V = 37.19 |
| P2–P9 (8 piles) | L2–9W = 1.1 L1W = 26.91 | L2–9V = L1V/1.1 = 33.81 | |
| P10–P25 (16 piles) | L10–25W = 1.1 L2–9W = 29.60 | L10–25V = L2–9V/1.1 =30.74 | |
| P26–P49 (24 piles) | L26–49W = 1.1 L10–25W = 32.56 | L26–49V = L10–25V/1.1 =27.94 | |
Center and corner settlement for different pile-raft configurations at different pile spacings
| Pile-raft configurations | Pile spacing, Sp (m) | Settlement in soft clay soil profile (mm) | Settlement in stiff clay soil profile (mm) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wcenter | Wcorner | Wdiff | Wcenter | Wcorner | Wdiff | ||
| PRC1(a) | 3 | 490 | 474 | 16 | 160 | 147 | 41 |
| PRC1(b) | 916 | 891 | 25 | 157 | 117 | 40 | |
| PRC1(c) | 1135 | 1125 | 10 | 158 | 119 | 39 | |
| PRC1(a) | 7 | 211 | 121 | 90 | 144 | 72 | 72 |
| PRC1(b) | 232 | 116 | 116 | 150 | 68 | 82 | |
| PRC1(c) | 243 | 162 | 81 | 139 | 77 | 62 | |
Geometric configurations of pile-raft model for parametric analysis
| Parameters | Unit | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Raft width, Br | m | 45 |
| Raft width, Lr | m | 45 |
| Raft thickness, tr | m | 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2* |
| Number of piles | - | 49 |
| Pile length, Lp | m | 30* |
| Pile spacing, Sp | m | 3*, 4, 5, 6, 7 |
| Width of pile group, Bg (Corresponding to each Sp) | m | 19, 25, 31, 37, 43 |
| Pile diameter, dp | m | 1 |
Load carried by piles in different pile-raft configurations at different pile spacings
| Pile-raft configurations | Pile spacing, Sp (m) | Soft clay: load-carried by piles, Rpile (kN) | Stiff clay: load-carried by piles, Rpile (kN) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rcenter | Redge | Rcorner | Rcenter | Redge | Rcorner | ||
| PRC1(a) | 3 | 226 | 2076 | 4434 | 565 | 3010 | 5854 |
| PRC1(b) | 431 | 3125 | 5597 | 650 | 3640 | 6723 | |
| PRC1(c) | 494 | 1272 | 2765 | 1593 | 1474 | 3360 | |
| PRC1(a) | 7 | 6721 | 7036 | 8579 | 6221 | 6388 | 5031 |
| PRC1(b) | 4890 | 7836 | 9105 | 4728 | 6879 | 5102 | |
| PRC1(c) | 7376 | 6309 | 8240 | 7222 | 5751 | 4799 | |