Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Effective friction angle of soft soils deposits_
| Soil | ϕ’ | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CLAYS | Bothkennar clay | 34° | (Hight et al., 1992) |
| Osaka bay clay | 25–40° | (Tanaka and Locat, 1999) | |
| Omono clay | 50–60° | (Yasuhara and Takenaka, 1977) | |
| Muck clay | 52–60° | (Tsushima et al., 1977) | |
| Juturnaiba organic clay | 23–57° | (Coutinho and Lacerda, 1989) | |
| Soft organic clay | 32.0° | (Danziger, 2007) | |
| Organic clay | 30.0° | (Larsson et al., 2007) | |
| Organic clay | 38–46° | (Cheng et al., 2007) | |
| Organic clay from Cubzac-les-Ponts | 28–34° | (Shahanguian, 1981) | |
| Various organic clays | 44–74° | (Krieg, 2000) | |
| Alluvial clay | 31.5° | (Sandroni et al., 2015) | |
| Soft alluvial clay | 36° | (Takemura et al., 2006) | |
| Soft alluvial Atchafalaya clay | 20.2° | (Donaghe and Townsend, 1978) | |
| Soft deltaic clay | 36.0° | (Sultan et al., 2004; Dan et al., 2007) | |
| SILTS | Alluvial clayey silt | 28° | (Lambson et al., 1993; Powell and Lunne, 2005) |
| Organic silt | 38–56° | (Cheng et al., 2007) | |
| PEAT | Swedish clayey gyttja | 60–90° | (Larsson, 1990) |
| Eemian gyttja | 29–44° | (Pietrzykowski, 2004) | |
| peat | 63–65° | (Cheng et al., 2007) | |
| Middleton peat | 60° | (Ajlouni, 2000) | |
| Ohmiya peat | 51–55° | (Yamaguchi et al., 1985) | |
| Edson peat | 28.8–50.1° | (Hendry et al., 2012) | |
| THIS | Jazowa silty clay | 23° | |
| STUDY | Jazowa organic silt | 31° | |
| Jazowa peat | 56° |
Selected index properties of the Vistula Marshlands soft soils_
| Soil layer | Sampling depth | wc | γ | Gs | PL | LL | IP | LOI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [m] | [%] | [kN/m3] | [g/cm3] | [%] | [%] | [%] | [%] | |
| Organic silty clay (OH) | 3.2÷4.05 | 54.4 ÷75.9 | 14.22 ÷14.52 | 2.54 ÷2.61 | 40.7 ÷55.3 | 90.4 ÷119.0 | 49.7 ÷63.7 | 11.4 ÷16.2 |
| Organic silt (OH) | 9.5÷10.5 | 45.4 ÷57.3 | 15.6÷16.6 | 2.54 ÷2.67 | 228.3 ÷38.0 | 53.7÷57.1 | 15.7 ÷27.55 | 4.2÷7.1 |
| Peat (Pt) | 13.0÷14..0 | 179.2 | 10.5 | 1.57 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 87.2 |
Values of effective friction angle of soft soils in Jazowa_
| Soil type | Type of the test | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CU | CD | CPTU | ||
| NHT method (Mayne, 2007) | NTH modified method (Ouyang & Mayne, 2017) | |||
| Organic silty clay (3.2–4.0 m depth) | 23.1° | 23.4° * | N/A | N/A |
| Organic silt (9.5–10.0 m depth) | 31.3° | 31.0° | 27.9°±1.2 | 31.3°±1.4 |
| Peat (~14.0 m depth) | 55.7° | N/A | 29.0°±2.4 | N/A |