Figure 1
Localization of the liquefaction phenomenon in the Chlef valley during the earthquake of October 1980[16]
Figure 2
Grain size distribution curve of the Chlef sand.
Table 1
Engineering properties of Chlef sand.
| Sand Properties | Standard test specifications | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Medium grain size, D50 (mm) | ASTM D-422 | 0.40 |
| Maximum diameter, Dmax(mm) | ASTM D-422 | 2.00 |
| Coefficient of uniformity, Cu (.) | ASTM D-422 | 2.227 |
| Coefficient of curvature, Cc (.) | ASTM D-422 | 0.891 |
| Mean specific gravity, Gs(.) | ASTM D854-02 | 2.665 |
| Maximum void ratio, emax(.) | ASTM D4253-00 | 0.85 |
| Minimum void ratio, emin(.) | ASTM D4254-00 | 0.56 |
Figure 3
Monofilament polypropylenefiber.
Table 2
Physical and mechanical properties of polypropylene fiber.
| Specific gravity | Length (mm) | Diameter (μm) | Tensile strength (MPa) | Young modulus (GPa) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.91 | 12 | 32 | 600–700 | 3.0–3.5 |
Figure 4
Sample preparation.
Table 3
Experimental program.
| Relative density, Dr(%) | Fiber content, Fc(%) | Normal stress, 6n(kPa) |
|---|---|---|
| 30 | 0,0.25, 0.5and 0.75 | 50, 100 and 200 |
| 50 | 0, 0.25, 0.5and 0.75 | 50, 100 and 200 |
| 80 | 0, 0.25, 0.5and 0.75 | 50, 100 and 200 |
Figure 5
View of the direct shear box apparatus.
Figure 6
Effect of fiber content on shear behavior, normal stress of 200kPa and a relative density Dr = 30 %: (a)variation of the shear strength versus horizontal displacement,(b)variation of vertical displacement versus horizontal displacement, (c)intrinsic curves
Figure 7
Effect of fibercontent on shear behavior, normal stress of 200kPa and a relative density Dr = 50 %: (a)variation of the shear strength versus horizontal displacement,(b)variation of vertical displacement versus horizontal displacement, (c)intrinsic curves
Figure 8
Effect of fibercontent on shear behavior, normal stress of 200kPa and a relative density Dr = 80 %: (a)variation of the shear strength versus horizontal displacement,(b)variation of vertical displacement versus horizontal displacement, (c)intrinsic curves
Figure 9
Effect of relative density and normal stress on the shear strength of fiber reinforced sand with a fiber content Fc=0.75%.