Figure 1
Failure modes of vertical pile under lateral load (Broms, 1964a&b): (a) short pile under lateral load and (b) long pile under lateral load.
Figure 2
Three dimension of finite element mash for single pile and surrounded soil mass,
Table 1
Geotechnical properties of the soil layers.
| Saturated soil weight (kN/m3) | Young’s modulus (kPa) | Poisson’s ratio | Cohesion intercept (kPa) | Friction angle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medium dense cemented silty sand layer | 18 | 1.3×104 | 0.3 | 20 | 35 |
| Medium dense to very dense silty sand with cemented lumps | 19 | 1.3×104 | 0.3 | 1 | 45 |
| Pile | - | 2.0×109 | 0.15 | - | - |
Figure 3
Comparison of finite element results with field test data of Ismael (1998).
Table 2
Soil parameters for analysis of pile group.
| Parameters | Unit | Cohesionless soil | Cohesive soil |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unit weight, γ’ | kN/m3 | 20.0 | 18.0 |
| Young’s modulus, E’ | MPa | 1.3 × 104 | 1.0 × 104 |
| Poisson’s ratio, ν’ | - | 0.3 | 0.35 |
| Cohesion intercept, c’ | MPa | 0.1 | 5.0 |
| Angle of internal friction, ϕ’ | - | 30 | 25 |
Figure 4
Influence of lateral load intensities on the lateral soil pressure distribution of pile embedded on both cohesionless and cohesive soils: (a) L = 10 m, (b) L = 15 m, (c) L = 20 m and (d) L = 25 m.
Figure 5
Predicted lateral tip displacement versus pile slenderness ratio under the influence of lateral load intensities.
Figure 6
p-y curves predicted under the effect of lateral load intensities and pile slenderness ratio:(a) L = 10 m,(b) L = 15 m, (c) L = 20 m and (d) L = 25 m.
Figure 7
Influence of pile shape on the lateral soil pressure distribution of pile embedded on both cohesionless and cohesive soils: (a) L = 10 m, (b) L = 15 m, (c) L = 20 m and (d) L =25 m.
Figure 8
Predicted lateral tip displacement versus pile slenderness ratio under the influence of lateral load intensities and pile shape: (a) cohesionless soil and (b) cohesive soil
Figure 9
p-y curves predicted under the effect of pile shape and pile slenderness ratio of pile embedded on both cohesionless and cohesive soils: (a) L/D = 10, (b) L/D = 15, (c) L/D = 20 and (d) L/D = 25.
Figure 10
Influence of pile stiffness, EI, on the lateral soil pressure for cohesionless soil,(a) L/D = 10, (b) L/D = 15, (c) L/D = 20 and (d) L/D = 25.
Figure 11
Influence of pile stiffness, EI, on the lateral soil pressure for cohesive soil, (a) L/D = 10, (b) L/D = 15, (c) L/D = 20 and (d) L/D = 25.
Figure 12
Predicted lateral tip displacement versus pile slenderness ratio under influence of lateral load intensities.
Figure 13
p-y curves predicted under the effect of pile stiffness, EI, and pile slenderness ratio of pile embedded on both cohesionless and cohesive soils.