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Evolution of Spanning Tree Protocol: From STP to SPB and Trill – A Comparative Analysis Cover

Evolution of Spanning Tree Protocol: From STP to SPB and Trill – A Comparative Analysis

By: Adrian Tudoroiu  
Open Access
|Mar 2026

References

  1. R. Perlman, “An algorithm for distributed computation of a spanning tree in an extended LAN,” in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, Austin, TX, USA, 1985, pp. 44–53.
  2. IEEE Standard 802.1D-2004, “IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges,” IEEE, New York, NY, USA, 2004.
  3. M. Seifert and J. Edwards, The All-New Switch Book: The Complete Guide to LAN Switching Technology, 2nd ed. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley Publishing, 2008.
  4. R. Seifert, Gigabit Ethernet: Technology and Applications for High-Speed LANs. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1998.
  5. IEEE Standard 802.1aq-2012, “IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges and Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks Amendment 20: Shortest Path Bridging,” IEEE, New York, NY, USA, 2012.
  6. R. Perlman, D. Eastlake, D. Dutt, S. Gai, and A. Ghanwani, “Routing Bridges (RBridges): Base Protocol Specification,” IETF RFC 6325, July 2011.
  7. M. Saadat and M. Khedr, “A survey of spanning tree protocol security vulnerabilities and countermeasures,” International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 412–421, 2016.
  8. C. Kozierok, The TCP/IP Guide: A Comprehensive, Illustrated Internet Protocols Reference. San Francisco, CA: No Starch Press, 2005.
  9. IEEE Standard 802.1D-2004 (incorporating 802.1w), “Rapid Reconfiguration of Spanning Tree,” Amendment to IEEE 802.1D, IEEE, New York, NY, USA, 2004.
  10. IEEE Standard 802.1Q-2018, “IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—Bridges and Bridged Networks,” IEEE, New York, NY, USA, 2018.
  11. P. Psenak, S. Mirtorabi, A. Roy, L. Nguyen, and P. Pillay-Esnault, “Multi-Topology (MT) Routing in OSPF,” IETF RFC 4915, June 2007; see also T. Przygienda et al., “M-ISIS: Multi Topology (MT) Routing in Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS),” IETF RFC 5120, February 2008.
  12. D. Eastlake, M. Zhang, P. Agarwal, R. Perlman, and D. Dutt, “TRILL: Fine-Grained Labeling,” IETF RFC 7172, May 2014.
  13. P. Unbehagen, J. Jeffree, P. Ashwood-Smith, C. Fedyk, A. Bragg, N. Unbehagen, and G. Mihail, “Shortest path bridging: Efficient control of larger Ethernet networks,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 176–183, Jan. 2012.
  14. D. Kreutz, F. M. V. Ramos, P. E. Verissimo, C. E. Rothenberg, S. Azodolmolky, and S. Uhlig, “Software-defined networking: A comprehensive survey,” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 103, no. 1, pp. 14–76, Jan. 2015.
  15. A. Sajassi, R. Aggarwal, N. Bitar, A. Isaac, J. Uttaro, J. Drake, and W. Henderickx, “BGP MPLS-Based Ethernet VPN,” IETF RFC 7432, February 2015.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sbeef-2025-0018 | Journal eISSN: 2286-2455 | Journal ISSN: 1843-6188
Language: English
Page range: 30 - 35
Published on: Mar 3, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

© 2026 Adrian Tudoroiu, published by Valahia University of Targoviste
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.