References
- Acharya, A. (2016), ‘The future of global governance: Fragmentation may be inevitable and creative’, Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, Vol. 22, pp. 453–460.
- Alayza, N. (2022), COP27: Key Takeaways and What’s Next, World Resources Institute, December, available online at https://www.wri.org/insights/cop27-key-outcomes-un-climate-talks-sharmel-sheikh
- Bernanke, B., Carstens, A., Geithner, T., Shanmugaratnam, T., Shirakawa, M. (2022), Economic Policy Lessons from Covid-19: The Big Picture, Group of Thirty, Occasional Paper No. 97, February, available online at https://group30.org/images/uploads/publications/G30_Economic_Policy_Lessons_from_Covid-19-_The_Big_Picture.pdf
- Bieber, F. (2022), Global Nationalism in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Nationalities Papers, Vol 50, pp. 13-25.
- Borio, C., (2020), The Covid-19 economic crisis: Dangerously unique, Business Economics, Vol. 55, pp. 181-190.
- Brunat, E., Fontanel, J. (2023), When Mercantilism Upsets Neo-Classical Liberal Thinking, the Pandemic Covid-19 as a Revelation, International Conference on Disaster Management, Global pandemic and its impact 2023, January, available online at https://hal.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/hal-03999929/document
- Chancel, L., Piketty, T., Saez, E., & Zucman, G. (Eds.), (2022), World inequality report 2022. Harvard University Press.
- Cheila., E. (2022): COVID-19 kai i “epomeni mera” (in Greek), Eurasia Publications, Athens.
- Duggan, J., Morris, S., Sandefur, J., Yang, G. (2020), Is the World Bank’s COVID-19 Crisis Lending Big Enough, Fast Enough?: New Evidence on Loan Disbursements, Center for Global Development, October, available online at https://www.cgdev.org/publication/world-banks-covid-crisis-lending-big-enough-fast-enough-new-evidence-loan-disbursements
- García-Herrero, A., Tan, J. (2020), Deglobalisation in the context of United States-China decoupling, Policy Contribution, Vol. 21, pp. 1-16.
- Goodman, P. S. (2020), How the Wealthy World Has Failed Poor Countries During the Pandemic, The New York Times, November, available online at https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/01/business/coronavirus-imf-world-bank.html
- Georgieva, K. (2020), No lost generation: can poor countries avoid the Covid trap?, The Guardian, September, available online at https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/sep/29/covid-pandemic-imf-kristalina-georgieva
- Gonzalez Migueles, M. (2021), Why International Financial Institutions matter for COVID-19 recovery, undp.org, March, available online at https://www.undp.org/blog/why-international-financial-institutions-matter-covid-19-recovery
- Gopinath, G. (2020), The great lockdown: Worst economic downturn since the great depression, IMF blog, April, available online at https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2020/04/14/blog-weothe-great-lockdown-worst-economic-downturn-since-the-great-depression
- G7 (2020), G7 Leaders’ Statement, March, available online at https://www.mofa.go.jp/files/100021631.pdf
- Human Rights Watch (2022), IMF/World Bank: Targeted Safety Net Programs Fall Short on Rights Protection, April, available online at https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/04/14/imf/world-bank-targeted-safety-net-programs-fall-short-rights-protection
- Independent Evaluation Group (2021), Evaluation of the World Bank Group’s Early Response in Addressing the Economic Implications of COVID-19, Approach Paper, October, available online at https://ieg.worldbankgroup.org/sites/default/files/Data/reports/ap_covid19economicimplications.pdf
- - (2022), The World Bank’s Early Support to Addressing COVID-19. Health and Social Response. An Early-Stage Evaluation, November, available online at: https://ieg.worldbankgroup.org/sites/default/files/Data/Evaluation/files/Covid-19-health-and-social-response.pdf
- International Monetary Fund, (2022), About the IMF, November, available online at https://www.imf.org/en/About/Factsheets/Sheets/2022/IMF-World-Bank-New
- Jenkins, B., Jones, B. (2020), Reopening the World: The WHO, international institutions, and the COVID-19 response, brookings.edu, June, available online at https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/06/16/reopening-the-world-the-who-international-institutions-and-the-covid-19-response/
- Jomo, K.S., Chowdhury, A., (2020), COVID-19 Pandemic Recession and Recovery, Development, Vol. 63, pp. 226–237.
- Josepha Debre, M., Dijkstra, H., (2021), COVID-19 and policy responses by international organizations: crisis of Liberal international order or window of opportunity? Global Policy, Vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 443-454.
- Kentikelenis, A., Gabor, D., Ortiz, I., Stubbs, T., McKee, M., Stuckler, D., (2020), Softening the blow of the pandemic: will the International Monetary Fund and World Bank make things worse? The Lancet Global Health, Vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 758-759.
- Kilby, C., McWhirter, C., (2022), The World Bank COVID-19 response: Politics as usual? Rev Int Organ, Vol. 17, July, pp. 627–656.
- Koh, C., Wojnilower, J., (2023), IEO Evaluation of IMF’s Emergency Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Staff Survey Results, IEO Background Paper. No. BP/23-01/06.
- Kose, M. A., Nagle, P. S. O., Ohnsorge, F., Sugawara, N., (2021), What has been the Impact of COVID-19 on Debt? Turning a Wave into a Tsunami, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.
- Krastev, I., (2020), Seven early lessons from the coronavirus, European Council on Foreign Relations, Vol. 18.
- Krueger, A., (2021), The Bretton Woods Credibility Crisis. The Undoing of Doing Business, PS Big Picture, October, available online at https://www.project-syndicate.org/onpoint/the-undoing-of-doing-business
- OECD (2020), International organisations in the context of COVID-19: adapting rulemaking for timely, evidence-based and effective international solutions in a global crisis, available online at https://www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/Summary-Note-COVID-19%20webinars.pdf
- Okonjo-Iweala, N., Shanmugaratnam, T., Summers, L. H. (2021), Rethinking Multilateralism for a Pandemic Era, Finance & Development, December, available online at https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/fandd/issues/2021/12/Multilateralism-Pandemic-Era-Okonjo-Iweala-Shanmugaratnam-Summers
- Parramore, L. (2023), Another Debt Crisis in the Global South? Economist Reveals the Key to Understanding It, Institute for New Economic Thinking, Αpril, available online at https://www.ineteconomics.org/perspectives/blog/another-debt-crisis-in-the-global-south-economist-reveals-the-key-to-understanding-it
- Rampton, R., et al. (2018), U.S. withdraws from international accords, says U.N. world court ‘politicized’, Reuters, October, available online at https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-diplomacy-treaty-idUSKCN1MD2CP
- Setser, B. (2023), The World Bank Stepped Up During the Pandemic, Council on Foreign Relations, March, available online at https://www.cfr.org/blog/world-bank-stepped-during-pandemic
- Stiglitz, J., Gallagher, K. (2022), IMF Surcharges. A Lose-Lose Policy for Global Recovery, VoxEU, February, available online at https://voxeu.org/article/imf-surcharges-lose-lose-policy-global-recovery
- Susskind, D., Vines, D., (2020), The economics of the COVID-19 pandemic: an assessment, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Vol. 36, Supplement 1, pp. 1-13.
- Tamale, N. (2021), Adding Fuel to Fire: How IMF demands for austerity will drive up inequality worldwide. Oxfam Policy & Practice, November, available online at https://policy-practice.oxfam.org/resources/adding-fuel-to-fire-how-imf-demands-for-austerity-will-drive-up-inequality-worl-621210/
- Tatar, M., Shoorekchali, J. M., Faraji, M. R., Seyyedkolaee, M. A., Pagán, J. A., Wilson, F. A., (2022), COVID-19 vaccine inequality: A global perspective, Journal of global health, Vol. 12, no. 03072.
- Youde, J. (2020), How ‘Medical Nationalism’ is undermining the fight against the coronavirus pandemic, World Politics Review, Vol. 23, March, available online at https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/how-medical-nationalism-is-undermining-the-fight-against-the-coronavirus-pandemic/
- Walker, J., Martin, M., Seery, E., Abdo, N., Kamande, A., Lawson, M. (2022), The 2022 Commitment to Reducing Inequality (CRI) Index, Oxfam International, October, available online at https://www.oxfam.org/en/research/2022-commitment-reducing-inequality-cri-index
- Wong, E., & Swanson, A. (2022). Ukraine war and pandemic force nations to retreat from globalization. New York Times, March, 22 2022.
- World Bank (2022), Chapter 1. The economic impacts of the COVID-19 crisis, World Development Report 2022, available online at https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2022/brief/chapter-1-introduction-the-economic-impacts-of-the-covid-19-crisis
- - (2022), How the World Bank Group is helping countries address COVID-19 (coronavirus), August, available online at https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/factsheet/2020/02/11/how-the-world-bank-group-is-helping-countries-with-covid-19-coronavirus
- - (2022), The World Bank’as Early Support to Addressing Coronavirus (COVID-19) Health and Social Response-An Early-Stage Evaluation, November, available online at https://ieg.worldbankgroup.org/evaluations/world-banks-early-support-addressing-covid-19/overview
- -(2022), Financing and Debt Service Relief, March, available online at https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/imf-and-covid19/COVID-Lending-Tracker
- - (2021), The IMF’s Response to COVID-19. Questions and answers, April, available online at https://www.imf.org/en/About/FAQ/imf-response-to-covid-19#Q1
- - (2021), World Economic Outlook, April 2021: Managing Divergent Recoveries, April, available online at https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2021/03/23/world-economic-outlook-april-2021
- - (n.d.), Who We Are, available online at https://www.worldbank.org/en/who-we-are
- - (n.d.), World Bank Group’s Operational Response to COVID-19 (coronavirus) – Projects List, available online at https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/what-we-do/brief/world-bank-group-operational-response-covid-19-coronavirus-projects-list