Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Comparative Analysis of Peatland Emission Factors: Unravelling the Need for Standardized Measurement and Reporting Cover

Comparative Analysis of Peatland Emission Factors: Unravelling the Need for Standardized Measurement and Reporting

Open Access
|Oct 2024

References

  1. Worrall F. <em>et al</em>. IUCN UK Peatland Programme’s Commission of Inquiry on Peatlands. Peatlands and Climate Change. Scientific review, 2010. [Online]. [Accessed 15.04.2024]. Available: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://www.iucn-ukpeatlandprogramme.org/sites/default/files/Review%20Peatlands%20and%20Climate%20Change%2C%20June%202011%20Final.pdf">https://www.iucn-ukpeatlandprogramme.org/sites/default/files/Review%20Peatlands%20and%20Climate%20Change%2C%20June%202011%20Final.pdf</ext-link>
  2. Waddington J., Warner K., Kennedy G. Cutover peatlands: A persistent source of atmospheric CO2. <em>Global Biogeochemical Cycles</em> 2002:16:1–7. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GB001398" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GB001398</a>">https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GB001398</ext-link>
  3. Lappalainen E. Environmental and ecological aspects of peat cutting and removal. Coal, oil shale, natural bitumen, heavy oil and peat. Oxford, United Kingdom: Eolss Publishers Co. Ltd, 2009.
  4. Barthelmes A., Couwenberg J., Risager M., Tegetmeyer C., and Joosten H. Peatlands and Climate in a Ramsar context A Nordic-Baltic Perspective. Denmark, 2015.
  5. Berglund Ö., Kätterer T., Meurer K. H. E. Emissions of CO2, N2O and CH4 From Cultivated and Set Aside Drained Peatland in Central Sweden. <em>Frontiers in Environmental Science</em> 2021:9:1–12. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.630721" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.630721</a>">https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.630721</ext-link>
  6. Bumbiere K., Gancone A., Pubule J., Blumberga D. Carbon balance of biogas production from maize in Latvian conditions. <em>Agronomy Research</em> 2021:19:687–697. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.15159/ar.21.085" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.15159/ar.21.085</a>">https://doi.org/10.15159/ar.21.085</ext-link>
  7. Terjanika V., Zarins E., Balode L., Pubule J. Legal Framework Analysis for CO Utilisation in Latvia. <em>Environmental and Climate Technologies</em> 2022:26:917–929. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0069" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0069</a>">https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0069</ext-link>
  8. Gancone A., Viznere R., Kaleja D., Pubule J., and Blumberga D. Towards Climate Neutrality via Sustainable Agriculture in Soil Management. <em>Environmental and Climate Technologies</em> 2022:26:535–547. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0041" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0041</a>">https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0041</ext-link>
  9. European Commission. EUR-Lex Access to European Union Law. Proposal 2022/0195 (COD) of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 June 2022 for a regulation on nature restoration. Brussels, 2022.
  10. Story Map Series [Online]. [Accessed: 08.11.2023]. Available: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://ozols.gov.lv/optimizacijas.modelis/">https://ozols.gov.lv/optimizacijas.modelis/</ext-link>
  11. 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories IPCC-TFI [Online]. [Accessed: 13.12.2023]. Available: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/">https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/</ext-link>
  12. Jinming H. and Xuehui M. Peat and peatlands. Coal, oil shale, natural bitumen, heavy oil and peat. Oxford, United Kingdom: Eolss Publishers Co. Ltd., 2009.
  13. Lourenco M., Fitchett J. M., and Woodborne S. Peat definitions: A critical review. <em>Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment</em> 2023:47(4):506–520. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/03091333221118353" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1177/03091333221118353</a>">https://doi.org/10.1177/03091333221118353</ext-link>
  14. Talib F. B., <em>et al</em>. Determination of In-Situ Density and Physical Properties with Microstructure of Klias Peat Soil. <em>Transactions on Science and Technology</em> 2022:8:466–475.
  15. Rydin H. and Jeglum J. K. The Biology of Peatlands. (1st ed.) Oxford University Press, 2006. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528722.001.0001" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528722.001.0001</a>">https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528722.001.0001</ext-link>
  16. Okruszko H. Transformation of fen-peat soils under the impact of draining. <em>Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych</em> 1993:406:3–73.
  17. Types of peatlands, International Peatland Society. [Online]. [Accessed: 02.11.2023]. Available: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://peatlands.org/peatlands/types-of-peatlands/">https://peatlands.org/peatlands/types-of-peatlands/</ext-link>
  18. Xuehui M., Jinming H. Classification of peat and peatland. Coal, oil shale, natural bitumen, heavy oil and peat. Oxford, United Kingdom: Eolss Publishers Co. Ltd., 2009.
  19. Davies C. E., Moss D., Hill M. O. EUNIS habitat classification revised 2004. European Environment Agency, European Topic Centre on Nature Protection and Biodiversity, 2004.
  20. What is the Difference between a Marsh, Swamp, Bog and Fen? [Online]. [Accessed: 14.12.2023]. Available: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://www.ponderweasel.com/the-difference-between-a-marsh-swamp-bog-and-fen/">https://www.ponderweasel.com/the-difference-between-a-marsh-swamp-bog-and-fen/</ext-link>
  21. Kellner E. Wetlands-different types, their properties and functions. Technical Report TR-04-08. Sweden, 2003.
  22. Yu Z., Loisel J., Brosseau D. P., Beilman D. W., Hunt S. J. Global peatland dynamics since the Last Glacial Maximum. <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> 2010:37(13). <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL043584" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL043584</a>">https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL043584</ext-link>
  23. UNFCCC. Latvia. 2023 Common Reporting Format (CRF) Table. [Online]. [Accessed: 06.11.2023]. Available: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://unfccc.int/documents/627722">https://unfccc.int/documents/627722</ext-link>
  24. UNFCCC. Lithuania. 2023 Common Reporting Format (CRF) Table. [Online]. [Accessed: 06.11.2023]. Available: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://unfccc.int/documents/627650">https://unfccc.int/documents/627650</ext-link>
  25. UNFCCC. Estonia. 2023 Common Reporting Format (CRF) Table. [Online]. [Accessed: 06.11.2023]. Available: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://unfccc.int/documents/627752">https://unfccc.int/documents/627752</ext-link>
  26. UNFCCC. Russian Federation. 2023 Common Reporting Format (CRF) Table. [Online]. [Accessed: 06.11.2023]. Available: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://unfccc.int/documents/631716">https://unfccc.int/documents/631716</ext-link>
  27. UNFCCC. Sweden. 2023 Common Reporting Format (CRF) Table. [Online]. [Accessed: 06.11.2023]. Available: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://unfccc.int/documents/627666">https://unfccc.int/documents/627666</ext-link>
  28. UNFCCC. Finland. 2023 Common Reporting Format (CRF) Table. [Online]. [Accessed: 06.11.2023]. Available: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://unfccc.int/documents/627719">https://unfccc.int/documents/627719</ext-link>
  29. UNFCCC. Germany. 2023 Common Reporting Format (CRF) Table. [Online]. [Accessed: 06.11.2023]. Available: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://unfccc.int/documents/627938">https://unfccc.int/documents/627938</ext-link>
  30. UNFCCC. Ireland. 2023 Common Reporting Format (CRF) Table. [Online]. [Accessed: 06.11.2023]. Available: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://unfccc.int/documents/627813">https://unfccc.int/documents/627813</ext-link>
  31. UNFCCC. United Kingdom. 2023. Convention. Common Reporting Format (CRF) Table. [Online]. [Accessed: 06.11.2023]. Available: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://unfccc.int/documents/627795">https://unfccc.int/documents/627795</ext-link>
  32. United Nations Climate Change. European Union. 2023 Common Reporting Format (CRF) Table. | UNFCCC [Online]. [Accessed: 06.11.2023]. Available: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://unfccc.int/documents/627830">https://unfccc.int/documents/627830</ext-link>
  33. Hiraishi T. <em>et al.</em> Chapter 7 – Methodological Choice and Recalculation. Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES). Japan, 2003
  34. Herold A., Monni S., Lin E., Meyer C. P. M., Flugsrud K. Chapter 4. Methodological Choice and Identification of Key Categories. Geneva: Switzerland, 2006.
  35. Skrebele A. <em>et al</em>. Latvia’s National Inventory Report Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Latvia from 1990 to 2021 in Common Reporting Format (CRF). Latvia: Riga, 2023.
  36. Lazdiņš A., Lupiķis A. LIFE REStore projekta pienesums Latvijas siltumnīcefekta gāzu emisiju uzskaitē. Kūdras ieguves ietekmētu teritoriju atbildīga apsaimniekošana un ilgtspējīga izmantošana (Contribution of the LIFE REStore project to the accounting of greenhouse gas emissions in Latvia. Responsible management and sustainable use of areas affected by peat extraction). Rīga: Baltijas krasti, 2019. (In Latvian).
  37. Carlén E. <em>et al</em>. National Inventory Report Sweden 2023 Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories 1990–2021. Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, 2023.
  38. Carlén E. <em>et al</em>. National Inventory Report Sweden 2023: Annexes. Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories 1990–2021. Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, 2023.
  39. Forsell P. <em>et al</em>. Finland’s National Inventory Report 2023. Finland, 2023.
  40. Gunther D., Gniffke P. National Inventory Report for the German Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990–2021. Germany, 2023.
  41. Drösle M. <em>et al</em>. Chapter 2: Drained Inland Organic Soils. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands. Switzerland, 2014.
  42. EUNIS. Factsheet for Blanket bogs [Online]. [Accessed 03.11.2023]. Available: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/263">https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/263</ext-link>
  43. EUNIS. Factsheet for Raised bogs [Online]. [Accessed 15.12.2023]. Available: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/260">https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/260</ext-link>
  44. Davis R. B., Anderson D. S. TB146: The Eccentric Bogs of Maine: A Rare Wetland Type in the United States. Maine: Maine agricultural experiment station, 1991.
  45. Lindsay R. Peatland (Mire Types): Based on Origin and Behavior of Water, Peat Genesis, Landscape Position, and Climate. Wetland Book. Springer Dordrecht, 2018. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4001-3_279" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4001-3_279</a>">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4001-3_279</ext-link>
  46. EUNIS. Factsheet for Transition mires and quaking bogs. [Online]. [Accessed 21.12.2023]. Available: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10145">https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10145</ext-link>
  47. EUNIS. Factsheet for Aapa mires. [Online]. [Accessed 18.12.2023]. Available: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10154">https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10154</ext-link>
  48. Evans D., Roekaerts M. Interpretation manual of the habitats listed in Resolution No. 4 (1996) listing endangered natural habitats requiring specific conservation measures. Strasbourg, 2019.
  49. EUNIS. Factsheet for Palsa mires. [Online]. [Accessed 18.12.2023]. Available: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10155">https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10155</ext-link>
  50. Laitinen J., Oksanen J., Kaakinen E., Peterka T., Moen A., Tahvanainen T. Gradients, Species Richness and Communities in Eastern Finnish Sloping Fens. <em>Annales Botanici Fennici</em> 2021:58:289–312. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.5735/085.058.0415" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.5735/085.058.0415</a>">https://doi.org/10.5735/085.058.0415</ext-link>
  51. West Midlands Mosses. Special Areas of Conservation. [Online]. [Accessed 21.12.2023]. Available: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://sac.jncc.gov.uk/site/UK0013595">https://sac.jncc.gov.uk/site/UK0013595</ext-link>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2024-0034 | Journal eISSN: 2255-8837 | Journal ISSN: 1691-5208
Language: English
Page range: 437 - 452
Submitted on: Apr 30, 2024
Accepted on: Jun 28, 2024
Published on: Oct 6, 2024
Published by: Riga Technical University
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 times per year

© 2024 Dita Kazmere, Maksims Feofilovs, Francesco Romagnoli, published by Riga Technical University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.