References
- [1] Khare A. Planet earth and automobiles, with special reference to the Indian Vehicle Industry. Technovation 1998:18(5):353–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4972(98)00017-010.1016/S0166-4972(98)00017-0
- [2] Pal R., et al. 18-Year Ambient PM2.5 Exposure and Night Light Trends in Indian Cities: Vulnerability Assessment. Aerosol and Air Quality Research 2018:18:2332–2342. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2017.10.042510.4209/aaqr.2017.10.0425
- [3] WHO. Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database (update 2016) [Online]. [Accessed 02.06 2020]. Available: https://www.who.int/airpollution/data/cities-2016/en/
- [4] Central Pollution Control Board. National Ambient Air Quality Status 2009. Delhi: Ministry of Environment & Forests, 2009.
- [5] World Bank. India transportation, 2011 [Online]. [Accessed 12.05.2020]. Available: https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2011/09/23/india-transportation
- [6] Mondal R., et al. Ground level concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) at some traffic intersection points in Calcutta. Atmospheric Environment 2000:34(4):629–633. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00216-210.1016/S1352-2310(99)00216-2
- [7] Gurjar B. R., Nagpure A. S. Indian megacities as localities of environmental vulnerability from air quality perspective. Journal of Smart Cities 2015:1(1):15–30. https://doi.org/10.18063/JSC.2015.01.00310.18063/JSC.2015.01.003
- [8] Bouchet M., et al. Global Metro Monitor Brookings 2018. Washington: MPP, 2018.
- [9] Ramanathan R. Link between population and number of vehicles. Evidence from Indian cities. Cities 2000:17(4):263–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-2751(00)00022-610.1016/S0264-2751(00)00022-6
- [10] Das A., Parikh J. Transport scenarios in two metropolitan cities in India: Delhi and Mumbai. Energy Conversion and Management 2004:45(15–16):2603–2625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2003.08.01910.1016/j.enconman.2003.08.019
- [11] Badami M. G. Transport and urban air pollution in India. Environmental Management 2005:36(2):195–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-0106-x10.1007/s00267-004-0106-x15995891
- [12] Mukherjee A., Mukherjee G. Occupational exposure of the traffic personnel of Calcutta to lead and carbon monoxide. Pollution and Research 1998:17(4):359–362.
- [13] Kazimuddin A., Banerjee L. Fighting for Air. Down to Earth. 2000.
- [14] Ramachandra T. V., Shwetmala. Emissions from India’s transport sector: State wise synthesis. Atmospheric Environment 2009:43(34):5510–5517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.07.01510.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.07.015
- [15] Gurjar B. R., et al. Emission estimates and trends (1990–2000) for mega-city Delhi and implications. Atmospheric Environment 2004:38(33):5663–5681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.05.05710.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.05.057
- [16] Nagpure A. S., Gurjar B. R. Development and evaluation of vehicular air pollution inventory model. Atmospheric Environment 2012:59:160–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.04.04410.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.04.044
- [17] Rajasekhar R. V. J., et al. A study on automobile emission patterns in Madurai city. Pollution Research 2005:24(4):767–768.
- [18] Goyal P., Mishra D., Kumar A. Vehicular emission inventory of criteria pollutants in Delhi. Springer Plus 2014:2:216. https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-2-21610.1186/2193-1801-2-216366474523741649
- [19] Goel R., et al. Assessment of motor vehicle use characteristics in three Indian cities. Transport Research Part D: Transport and Environment 2015:44:254–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2015.05.00610.1016/j.trd.2015.05.006
- [20] Sindhwani R., Goyal P. Assessment of traffic–generated gaseous and particulate matter emissions and trends over Delhi (2000–2010). Atmospheric Pollution Research 2014:5(3):438–446. https://doi.org/10.5094/APR.2014.05110.5094/APR.2014.051
- [21] Venkitasamy S., Vijay Bhaskar B. Emission Inventory-A preliminary approach to primary pollutants. Current Science Association 2016:111(11):1831–1835. https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v111/i11/1831-183510.18520/cs/v111/i11/1831-1835
- [22] Mahesh S., Ramadurai G. Analysis of driving characteristics and estimation of pollutant emissions from intra-city buses. Transportation Research Procedia 2017:27:1211–1218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2017.12.07110.1016/j.trpro.2017.12.071
- [23] Mohan M., Dagar L., Gurjar B. R. Preparation and validation of gridded emission inventory of criteria air pollutants and identification of emission hotspots for megacity Delhi. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2007:130 323–339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9400-910.1007/s10661-006-9400-917106780
- [24] Baidya S., Borken-Kleefeld J. Atmospheric emissions from road transportation in India. Energy Policy 2009:37(10):3812–3822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.07.01010.1016/j.enpol.2009.07.010
- [25] Gurjar B.R., et al. Human health risks in megacities due to air pollution. Atmospheric Environment 2010:44(36):4606–4613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.08.01110.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.08.011
- [26] Mahadevappa H. A study on air pollution by automobiles in Bangalore city. Management Research and Practice (MRP) 2012:4(3):25–36.
- [27] Singh R., Sharma C. Assessment of emissions from transport sector in Delhi. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 2012:71(2):155–160.
- [28] Nagpure A. S., Sharma K., Gurjar B.R. Traffic induced emission estimates and trends (2000–2005) in megacity Delhi. Urban Climate 2013:4:61–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2013.04.00510.1016/j.uclim.2013.04.005
- [29] National Green Tribunal. Compliance report before the national green tribunal principal bench, O.A. No 681 of 2018 New Delhi. New Dehli: NGT, 2018.
- [30] Ghose M. K., Paul R., Banerjee S. K. Assessment of the impacts of vehicular emissions on urban air quality and its management in the Indian context: the case of Kolkata (Calcutta). Environmental Science and Policy 2004:7(4):345–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2004.05.00410.1016/j.envsci.2004.05.004
- [31] Das R., et al. Trace Element Composition of PM2.5 and PM10 from Kolkata - A Heavily Polluted Indian Metropolis. Atmospheric Pollution Research 2015:6(5):742–750. https://doi.org/10.5094/APR.2015.08310.5094/APR.2015.083
- [32] Singh R., and Sharma, C., Agrawal, M. Emission inventory of trace gases from road transport in India. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 2017:52:64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.02.01110.1016/j.trd.2017.02.011
- [33] Spiroska J., Rahman M. A., Pal S. Air pollution in Kolkata: An analysis of current status and interrelation between different factors. SEEU Review 2011:8(1):182–214. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10306-012-0012-710.2478/v10306-012-0012-7
- [34] Census. Urban Agglomerations Census 2011. India. [Online]. [Accessed on 12.05.2020]. Available: https://www.census2011.co.in/urbanagglomeration.php
- [35] Indiastat. Socio-economic statistical information about India, 2018. [Accessed 12.06.2020]. Available: http://www.indiastat.com/transport/30/vehicles/289/stats.aspx
- [36] OGD. Open Government Data Platform. Government of India, 2018. [Accessed 02.08.2020]. Available: https://data.gov.in/search/site?query=transport&filter%5Bfield_group_name%3Aname%5D=Road+Transport
- [37] Ministry of Road Transport & Highways. Road Transport Year Book (2011–12). New Dehli: MoRTH, 2012.
- [38] IPCC. 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories [Online]. [Accessed 16.02.2020] Available: https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/
- [39] Central Pollution Control Board. Status of pollution generated from road transport in six megacities ministry of environment, forest and climate change. New Delhi: CPCB, 2015.
- [40] Ministry of Road Transport & Highways. The Working Group Report on Road Transport for the Eleventh Five Year Plan, Planning Commission. New Dehli: MoRTH, 2007.
- [41] ARAI Revision. The Automotive Research Association of India. Emission Factor Development for India Vehicles, Air Quality Monitoring Project-Indian Clean Air Programme, 2008. [Online]. [Accessed 28.10.2020]. Available: http://www.cpcb.nic.in/Emission_Factors_Vehicles.pdf
- [42] Central Pollution Control Board. Transport fuel quality for the year 2005. New Dehli: CPCB, 2005.
- [43] Mittal M. L., Sharma C. Anthropogenic emissions from energy activities in India: generation and source characterization. (Part II): emissions from Vehicular Transport in India. 2003.
- [44] European Environment Agency. EMEP/CORINAIR Atmospheric Emission Inventory Guidebook. Copenhagen: EEA, 2001.
- [45] Reynolds C. C. O., Grieshop A. P., Kandlikar M. Climate and health relevant emissions from in-use Indian three-wheelers fuelled by natural gas and gasoline. Environmental Science and Technology 2011:45(6):2406–2412. https://doi.org/10.1021/es102430p10.1021/es102430p21322628
- [46] Mashelkar R. A., et al. Report of the expert Committee on auto fuel policy. New Dehli: Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, 2002.
- [47] UNEP. Global environment outlook. London: Earthscan, 1999.
- [48] Kandlikar M., Ramachandran G. The causes and consequences of particulate air pollution in urban India: a synthesis of the science. Annual Review of Energy and the Environment 2000:25(1):629–684. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.25.1.62910.1146/annurev.energy.25.1.629
- [49] Dutta G., Dutta A. Indian growth story of automobile sector and atmospheric emission projection. Pollution Research 2018:37(1):131–143.