Application of Tropospheric Sulfate Aerosol Emissions to Mitigate Meteorological Phenomena with Extremely High Daily Temperatures

Mulena, Gabriela C.; Puliafito, Salvador E.; Lakkis, Susan G.

Application of Tropospheric Sulfate Aerosol Emissions to Mitigate Meteorological Phenomena with Extremely High Daily Temperatures

Environmental and Climate Technologies

Volume 23 (2019): Issue 1 (March 2019)

By: Gabriela C. Mulena, Salvador E. Puliafito and Susan G. Lakkis

Open Access

|Jul 2019

References

[1] Haywood J., Boucher O. Estimates of the direct and indirect radiative forcing due to tropospheric aerosols: A review. Reviews of Geophysics 2000:38(4):513−543. doi:10.1029/1999RG00007810.1029/1999RG000078
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[2] Deshler T. A review of global stratospheric aerosol: Measurements, importance, life cycle, and local stratospheric aerosol. Atmospheric Research 2008:90(2−4):223−232. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.03.01610.1016/j.atmosres.2008.03.016
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[3] Gu Y., Liou K. N., Chen W., Liao H. Direct climate effect of black carbon in China and its impact on dust storms. Journal of Geophysical Research 2010:115:D00K14. doi:10.1029/2009JD01342710.1029/2009JD013427
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[4] Papadimas C. D., et al. The direct effect of aerosols on solar radiation over the broader Mediterranean basin. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2012:12(15):7165−7185. doi:10.5194/acp−12−7165−201210.5194/acp1271652012
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[5] Hansen J., Sato M., Ruedy R. Radiative forcing and climate response. Journal of Geophysical Research. 1997:102(D6):6831−6864. doi:10.1029/96JD0343610.1029/96JD03436
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[6] Schell B., Ackermann I. J., Hass H., Binkowski F. S., Ebel A. Modeling the formation of secondary organic aerosol within a comprehensive air quality model system. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 2001:106(D22):28275−28293. doi:10.1029/2001JD00038410.1029/2001JD000384
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[7] Liou K.-N., Ou S.-C. The role of cloud microphysical processes in climate: An assessment from a one-dimensional perspective. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 1989:94(D6):8599−8607. doi:10.1029/JD094iD06p0859910.1029/JD094iD06p08599
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[8] Rosenfeld D. Suppression of Rain and Snow by Urban and Industrial Air Pollution. Science 2000:287(5459):1793−1796. doi:10.1126/science.287.5459.179310.1126/science.287.5459.1793
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[9] Borys R. D., Lowenthal D. H., Mitchell D. L. The relationships among cloud microphysics, chemistry, and precipitation rate in cold mountain clouds. Atmospheric Environment 2000:34(16):2593−2602. doi:10.1016/S1352−2310(99)00492−610.1016/S13522310(99)004926
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[10] Shepherd J. M., Burian S. J. Detection of Urban-Induced Rainfall Anomalies in a Major Coastal City. Earth Interactions 2003:7(4):1−17. doi:10.1175/1087−3562(2003)007%3c0001:DOUIRA%3e2.0.CO;210.1175/1087-3562(2003)007<;0001:DOUIRA>2.0.CO;2
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[11] Cullis C. F., Hirschler M. M. Atmospheric sulphur: Natural and man−made sources. Atmospheric Environment 1980:14(11):1263−1278. doi:10.1016/0004−6981(80)90228−010.1016/00046981(80)902280
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[12] Penner J. E., Lister D., Griggs D. J., McFarland M., Dokken D. J. Aviation and the global atmosphere: a special report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[13] Günther A., et al. MIPAS observations of volcanic sulfate aerosol and sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2018:18(2):1217−1239. doi:10.5194/acp−2017−53810.5194/acp2017538
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[14] Pitari G., et al. Sulfate Aerosols from Non-Explosive Volcanoes: Chemical-Radiative Effects in the Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere. Atmosphere 2016:7(7):85. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos707008510.3390/atmos7070085
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[15] Stenchikov G. L., et al. Radiative forcing from the 1991 Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruption. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 1998:103(D12):13837−13857. doi:10.1029/98JD0069310.1029/98JD00693
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[16] Charlson R. J., et al. Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols. Science 1992:255(5043):423–30. doi:10.1126/science.255.5043.42310.1126/.255.5043.423
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[17] Kiehl J. T., Briegleb B. P. The relative roles of sulfate aerosols and greenhouse gases in climate forcing. Science 1993:260(5106):311−4. doi:10.1126/science.260.5106.31110.1126/.260.5106.311
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[18] Jiandong L., Jiangyu M., Wei-Chyung W. Anthropogenic Eastern Asian radiative forcing due to sulfate and black carbon aerosols and their time evolution estimated by an AGCM. Chinese Journal of Geophysics 2015:58(4):1103–1120.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[19] McCormick M. P., Thomason L. W., Trepte C. R. Atmospheric effects of the Mt Pinatubo eruption. Nature 1995:373(6513):399–404. doi:10.1038/373399a010.1038/373399a0
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[20] Michelangeli D. V., Allen M., Yung Y. L. El Chichon volcanic aerosols: Impact of radiative, thermal, and chemical perturbations. Journal of Geophysical Research 1989:94(D15):18429. doi:10.1029/JD094iD15p1842910.1029/JD094iD15p1842911542195
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[21] Boucher O., et al. Clouds and Aerosols. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013:571–657.10.1017/CBO9781107415324.016
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[22] Jones A., Roberts L., Wood J., Johnson C. E. Indirect sulphate aerosol forcing in a climate model with an interactive sulphur cycle. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 2001:106(D17):293−313. doi:10.1029/2000JD00008910.1029/2000JD000089
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[23] Trenberth K., Dai A. Effects of Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruption on the hydrological cycle as an analog of geoengineering. Geophysical Research Letters 2007:34(15). doi:10.1029/2007GL03052410.1029/2007GL030524
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[24] Friberg J., et al. Influence of volcanic eruptions on midlatitude upper tropospheric aerosol and consequences for cirrus clouds. Earth and Space Science 2015:2(7):285−300. doi:10.1002/2015EA00011010.1002/2015EA000110
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[25] Ramanathan V., Carmichael G. Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon. Nature Geoscience 2008:1(4):221−227. doi:10.1038/ngeo15610.1038/ngeo156
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[26] Forster P., et al. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis : Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[27] Shindell D., Faluvegi G. Climate response to regional radiative forcing during the twentieth century. Nature Geoscience 2009:2(4):294−300. doi:10.1038/ngeo47310.1038/ngeo473
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[28] Giorgi F., Bi X., Qian Y. Indirect vs. Direct Effects of Anthropogenic Sulfate on the Climate of East Asia as Simulated with a Regional Coupled Climate-Chemistry/Aerosol Model. Climatic Change 2003:58(3):345−376. doi:10.1023/A:102394601035010.1023/A:1023946010350
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[29] Giorgi F., Bi X., Qian Y. Direct radiative forcing and regional climatic effects of anthropogenic aerosols over East Asia: A regional coupled climate-chemistry/aerosol model study. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 2002:107(D20):AAC−7. doi:10.1029/2001JD00106610.1029/2001JD001066
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[30] Qian Y., Giorgi F. Regional climatic effects of anthropogenic aerosols? The case of southwestern China. Geophysical Research Letters 2000:27(21):3521−3524. doi:10.1029/2000GL01194210.1029/2000GL011942
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[31] Wu J., Luo Y., Wang W. The comparison of different simulation methods for the climate responses of the radiative forcing of anthropogenic sulfate aerosol over east Asia. Journal of Yunnan University 2005:27(4):323−331.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[32] Ekman A. M. L., Rodhe H. Regional temperature response due to indirect sulfate aerosol forcing: impact of model resolution. Climate Dynamics 2003:21(1):1−10. doi:10.1007/s00382−003−0311−y10.1007/s003820030311y
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[33] Foote G. B., Knight C. A. Results of a Randomized Hail Suppression Experiment in Northeast Colorado. Part I: Design and Conduct of the Experiment. Journal of Applied Meteorology 1979:18(12):1526–1537. doi:10.1175/1520−0450(1979)018%3c1526:ROARHS%3e2.0.CO;210.1175/15200450(1979)018%3c1526:ROARHS%3e2.0.CO;2
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[34] García-Ortega E., López L., Sánchez J. L. Diagnosis and sensitivity study of two severe storm events in the Southeastern Andes. Atmospheric research 2009:93(1−3):161−178. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.10.03010.1016/j.atmosres.2008.10.030
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[35] Silverman B. A. A Critical Assessment of Glaciogenic Seeding of Convective Clouds for Rainfall Enhancement. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2001:82(5):903−923. doi:10.1175/1520−0477(2001)082%3c0903:ACAOGS%3e2.3.CO;210.1175/15200477(2001)082%3c0903:ACAOGS%3e2.3.CO;2
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[36] Miao Q., Geerts B. Airborne measurements of the impact of ground-based glaciogenic cloud seeding on orographic precipitation. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2013:30(4):1025−1038. doi:10.1007/s00376-012-2128-210.1007/s00376-012-2128-2
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[37] Rasch P., et al. An overview of geoengineering of climate using stratospheric sulphate aerosols. Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences 2008:366(1882):4007−4037. doi:10.1098/rsta.2008.013110.1098/rsta.2008.013118757276
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[38] Crutzen P. J. Albedo enhancement by stratospheric sulfur injections: A contribution to resolve a policy dilemma? Climatic Change 2006:77(3−4):211−220. doi:10.1007/s10584−006−9101−y10.1007/s105840069101y
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[39] Groisman P. Possible regional climate consequences of the Pinatubo eruption: an empirical approach. Geophysical Research Letters 1992:19(15):1603−1606. doi:10.1029/92GL0147410.1029/92GL01474
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[40] Kirchner I., Stenchikov G. L., Graf H.-F., Robock A., Antuña J. C. Climate model simulation of winter warming and summer cooling following the 1991 Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruption. Journal of Geophysical Research 1999:104(D16):19039−19055. doi:10.1029/1999JD9002110.1029/1999JD90021
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[41] Govindasamy B., Caldeira K. Geoengineering Earth’s radiation balance to mitigate CO₂⁻ induced climate change. Geophysical Research Letters 2000:27(14):2141−2144. doi:10.1029/1999GL00608610.1029/1999GL006086
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[42] Keith D. W. Photophoretic levitation of engineered aerosols for geoengineering. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2010:107(38):16428−16431. doi:10.1073/pnas.100951910710.1073/pnas.1009519107294471420823254
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[43] Aquila V., Garfinkel C. I., Newman P. A., Oman L. D., Waugh D. W. Modifications of the quasi-biennial oscillation by a geoengineering perturbation of the stratospheric aerosol layer. Geophysical Research Letters 2014:41(5):1738−1744. doi:10.1002/2013GL0588110.1002/2013GL05881
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[44] Pitari G., et al. Stratospheric ozone response to sulfate geoengineering: Results from the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP). Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 2014:119(5):2629−2653. doi:10.1002/2013JD02056610.1002/2013JD020566
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[45] Kravitz B., Robock A., Boucher O., Schmidt H., Taylor K. E., Stenchikov G., Schulz M. The geoengineering model intercomparison project (GeoMIP). Atmospheric Science Letters 2011:12(2):162−167. doi:10.1002/asl.31610.1002/asl.316
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[46] MacMartin D. G., et al. The climate response to stratospheric aerosol geoengineering can be tailored using multiple injection locations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 2017:122(23):12−574. doi:10.1002/2017JD0268710.1002/2017JD02687
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[47] Tilmes S., et al. Sensitivity of aerosol distribution and climate response to stratospheric SO₂ injection locations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 2017:122(23):12591−12615. doi:10.1002/2017JD02688810.1002/2017JD026888
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[48] Laakso A., Korhonen H., Romakkaniemi S., Kokkola H. Radiative and climate effects of stratospheric sulfur geoengineering using seasonally varying injection areas. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2017:17(11):6957. doi:0.5194/acp−2017−10710.5194/acp-17-6957-2017
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[49] Rasch P., Crutzen J., Coleman B. Exploring the geoengineering of climate using stratospheric sulfate aerosols: The role of particle size. Geophysical Research Letters 2008:35(2). doi:10.1029/2007GL03217910.1029/2007GL032179
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[50] Heckendorn P., et al. The impact of geoengineering aerosols on stratospheric temperature and ozone. Environmental Research Letters 2009:4(4):045108. doi:10.1088/1748−9326/4/4/04510810.1088/1748-9326/4/4/045108
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[51] Niemeier U., Timmreck C., Graf H.-F., Kinne S., Rast S., Self S. Initial fate of fine ash and sulfur from large volcanic eruptions. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2009:9(22):9043–9057. doi:10.5194/acp−9−9043−200910.5194/acp990432009
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[52] Pierce J. R., et al. Efficient formation of stratospheric aerosol for climate engineering by emission of condensible vapor from aircraft. Geophysical Research Letters 2010:37(18). doi:10.1029/2010GL04397510.1029/2010GL043975
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[53] Vattioni S., Weisenstein D., Keith D., Feinberg A., Peter T., Stenke A. Exploring accumulation-mode-H₂SO₄ versus SO₂ stratospheric sulfate geoengineering in a sectional aerosol-chemistry-climate model. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 2018:1−30. doi:10.5194/acp−2018−107010.5194/acp20181070
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[54] English J. M., Toon O. B., Mills M. J. Microphysical simulations of sulfur burdens from stratospheric sulfur geoengineering. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2012:12(10):4775−4793. doi:10.5194/acp−12−4775−201210.5194/acp-12-4775-2012
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[55] Visioni D., Pitari G., Tuccella P., Curci G. Sulfur deposition changes under sulfate geoengineering conditions: Quasi-biennial oscillation effects on the transport and lifetime of stratospheric aerosols. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2018:18(4):2787−2808. doi:10.5194/acp−18−2787−201810.5194/acp1827872018
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[56] Bernstein D. N., Neelin J. D., Li Q. B., Chen D. Could aerosol emissions be used for regional heat wave mitigation? Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2013:13(13):6373−6390.10.5194/acp-13-6373-2013
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[57] Grell G. A., et al. Fully coupled “online” chemistry within the WRF model. Atmospheric Environment 2005:39(37):6957−6975. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.04.02710.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.04.027
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[58] Skamarock W. C., et al. A Description of the Advanced Research WRF Version 3. NCAR Technical Note NCAR/TN−475+STR. Boulder: NSCAR, 2008. doi:10.5065/D68S4MVH10.5065/D68S4MVH
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[59] Sánchez J. L., López L., García-Ortega E., Gil B. Nowcasting of kinetic energy of hail precipitation using radar. Atmospheric Research 2013:123:48−60. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.07.02110.1016/j.atmosres.2012.07.021
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[60] Zanobetti A., O’Neill M. S., Gronlund C. J., Schwartz J. D. Susceptibility to mortality in weather extremes: effect modification by personal and small-area characteristics. Epidemiology 2013:24(6):809−19. doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000434432.06765.9110.1097/01.ede.0000434432.06765.91430420724045717
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[61] Ciais P., et al. Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003. Nature 2005:437(7058):529−33. doi:10.1038/nature0397210.1038/03972
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[62] Toomey M., Roberts D. A., Still C., Goulden M. L., McFadden J. P. Remotely sensed heat anomalies linked with Amazonian forest biomass declines. Geophysical Research Letters 2011:38(19). doi:10.1029/2011GL04904110.1029/2011GL049041
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[63] Smoyer-Tomic K. E., Kuhn R., Hudson A. Heat Wave Hazards: An Overview of Heat Wave Impacts in Canada. Natural Hazards 2003:28(2−3):465−486. doi:10.1023/A:102294652815710.1023/A:1022946528157
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[64] Roper R. E. Book Review of Heat Wave: A Social Autopsy of Disaster in Chicago by E. Klinenberg. The American Journal of Sociology 2003:108(5):1114−1115.10.1086/379563
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[65] Jolly W. M., Dobbertin M., Zimmermann N. E., Reichstein M. Divergent vegetation growth responses to the 2003 heat wave in the Swiss Alps. Geophysical Research Letters 2005:32(18). doi:10.1029/2005GL02325210.1029/2005GL023252
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[66] Theoharatos G., Pantavou K., Mavrakis A., Spanou A., Katavoutas G., Efstathiou P., Mpekas P., Asimakopoulos D. Heat waves observed in 2007 in Athens, Greece: synoptic conditions, bioclimatological assessment, air quality levels and health effects. Environmental research 2010:110(2):152−61. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2009.12.00210.1016/j.envres.2009.12.00220060520
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[67] Rusticucci M., Kyselý J., Almeira G., Lhotka O. Long-term variability of heat waves in Argentina and recurrence probability of the severe 2008 heat wave in Buenos Aires. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 2015:124(3−4):679−689.10.1007/s00704-015-1445-7
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[68] Cerne S. B., Vera C. S., Liebmann B. The Nature of a Heat Wave in Eastern Argentina Occurring during SALLJEX. Monthly Weather Review 2007:135(3):1165−1174. doi:10.1175/MWR3306.110.1175/MWR3306.1
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[69] Norte F. A., Seluchi M. E., Gomes J. L., Simonelli S. C. Analysis of an extreme heat wave over the subtropical region of South America. Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia 2007:22(3):373–386. doi.org/10.1590/S0102-7786200700030001010.1590/S0102-77862007000300010
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[70] Ente Provincial Regulador Eléctrico. Evolución de la demanda de electricidad de Mendoza ante la ola de calor-Última semana 2011 y comienzos 2012, 2011. Available: http://epremendoza.gov.ar/_a_adjuntos/Evol_Demanda_Ola_Calor_2011_2012.pdf
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[71] Flores G.E., Gómez R.S. Taxonomía y biogeografía de cuatro especies de Psectrascelis (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) de la Precordillera y Cordillera de los Andes en Mendoza, Argentina. Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina. 2005:64(3):93−106.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[72] U.S. Department of Commerce. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Earth System Research Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division. Daily Climate Composites. Available: https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/composites/day/
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[73] National Center for Atmospheric Research. Historical Unidata Internet Data Distribution Gridded Model Data, 2003. doi:10.5065/549X-KE8910.5065/549X-KE89
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[74] Almanza V. H., Molina L. T., Li G., Fast J., Sosa G. Impact of external industrial sources on the regional and local SO₂ and O₃ levels of the Mexico megacity. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2014:14(16):8483–8499. doi:10.5194/acp−14−8483−201410.5194/acp1484832014
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[75] Chapman E. G., et al. Coupling aerosol-cloud-radiative processes in the WRF-Chem model: Investigating the radiative impact of elevated point sources. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2009:9(3):945–964. doi:10.5194/acp−9−945−200910.5194/acp99452009
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[76] Misenis C., Zhang Y. An examination of sensitivity of WRF/Chem predictions to physical parameterizations, horizontal grid spacing, and nesting options. Atmospheric Research 2010:97(3):315–334. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.04.00510.1016/j.atmosres.2010.04.005
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[77] Mulena G. C., Allende D. G., Puliafito S. E., Lakkis S. G., Cremades P. G., Ulke A. G. Examining the influence of meteorological simulations forced by different initial and boundary conditions in volcanic ash dispersion modelling. Atmospheric Research 2016:176–177:29–42. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.02.00910.1016/j.atmosres.2016.02.009
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[78] Carvalho D., Rocha A., Gómez-Gesteira M. Ocean surface wind simulation forced by different reanalyses: Comparison with observed data along the Iberian Peninsula coast. Ocean Modelling 2012:56:31–42. doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2012.08.00210.1016/j.ocemod.2012.08.002
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[79] Borge R., Alexandrov V., Josedelvas J., Lumbreras J., Rodriguez E. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis of the WRF model for air quality applications over the Iberian Peninsula. Atmospheric Environment 2008:42(37):8560–8574. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.08.03210.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.08.032
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[80] Stockwell W. R., Middleton P., Chang J. S., Tang X. The second generation regional acid deposition model chemical mechanism for regional air quality modeling. Journal of Geophysical Research 1990:95(D10):16343. doi:10.1029/JD095iD10p1634310.1029/JD095iD10p16343
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[81] Ackermann I. J., Hass H., Memmesheimer M., Ebel A., Binkowski F. S., Shankar U. Modal aerosol dynamics model for Europe: development and first applications. Atmospheric Environment 1998:32(17):2981–2999. doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00006-510.1016/S1352-2310(98)00006-5
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[82] Max Planck Institute for Meteorology. REanalysis of the TROpospheric chemical composition over the past 40 years (RETRO). A long-term global modeling study of tropospheric chemistry funded under the 5th EU framework programme. Report no. 48/2007 of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, 2007.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[83] Olivier J. G. J., et al. Applications of Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR). Including a description of EDGAR 3.2. Reference database with trend data for 1970−1995. INIS 2002:33(45).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[84] National Emissions Inventory (NEI). United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). Available: https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-inventories/national-emissions-inventory-nei
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[85] Ginoux P., Chin M., Tegen I., Prospero J. M., Holben B., Dubovik O., Lin S.-J. Sources and distributions of dust aerosols simulated with the GOCART model. Journal of Geophysical Research 2001:106(D17):20255. doi:10.1029/2000JD00005310.1029/2000JD000053
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[86] Guenther A., Karl T., Harley P., Wiedinmyer C., Palmer P. I., Geron C. Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2006:6(11):3181–3210. doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-3181-200610.5194/acp-6-3181-2006
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[87] Seinfeld J. H., Pandis S. N. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change, 2nd Edition. NY: Wiley, 2006.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[88] Kravitz B., Robock A., Oman L., Stenchikov G., Marquardt A. B. Sulfuric acid deposition from stratospheric geoengineering with sulfate aerosols. Journal of Geophysical Research 2009:114(D14):D14109. doi:10.1029/2009JD01191810.1029/2009JD011918
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[89] Eastham S. D., Weisenstein D. K., Keith D. W., Barrett S. R. H. Quantifying the impact of sulfate geoengineering on mortality from air quality and UV-B exposure. Atmospheric Environment 2018:187:424–434. doi:10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2018.05.04710.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2018.05.047
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[90] Visioni D., Pitari G., Aquila V. Sulfate geoengineering: a review of the factors controlling the needed injection of sulfur dioxide. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2017:17(6):3879–3889. doi:10.5194/acp-17-3879-201710.5194/acp-17-3879-2017
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[91] Zaveri R. A., Easter R. C., Fast J. D., Peters L. K. Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry (MOSAIC). Journal of Geophysical Research 2008:113(D13):D13204. doi:10.1029/2007JD00878210.1029/2007JD008782
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[92] Zhang Y., Seigneur C., Seinfeld J. H., Jacobson M. Z., Binkowski F. S. Simulation of Aerosol Dynamics: A Comparative Review of Algorithms Used in Air Quality Models. Aerosol Science and Technology 1999:31(6):487–514. doi:10.1080/02786829930403910.1080/027868299304039
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[93] Zhang Y., He J., Zhu S., Gantt B. Sensitivity of simulated chemical concentrations and aerosol-meteorology interactions to aerosol treatments and biogenic organic emissions in WRF/Chem. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 2016:121(10):6014–6048. doi:10.1002/2016JD02488210.1002/2016JD024882
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[94] Georgiou G. K., Christoudias T., Proestos Y., Kushta J., Hadjinicolaou P., Lelieveld J. Air quality modelling in the summer over the eastern Mediterranean using WRF-Chem: chemistry and aerosol mechanism intercomparison. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2018:18(3):1555–1571. doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1555-201810.5194/acp-18-1555-2018
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[95] The Royal Society. Geoengineering the climate: Science, governance and uncertainty. London: Royal Society, 2009.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2019-0002 | Journal eISSN: 2255-8837 | Journal ISSN: 1691-5208

Journal RSS Feed

Language: English

Page range: 14 - 40

Published on: Jul 15, 2019

Published by: Riga Technical University

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

Keywords:

Integral anti-hail system of the Province of Mendoza,

sulfate aerosols,

weather modification,

WRF/Chem

Related subjects:

Life sciences,

Life sciences, other

© 2019 Gabriela C. Mulena, Salvador E. Puliafito, Susan G. Lakkis, published by Riga Technical University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Previous article Volume 23 (2019): Issue 1 (March 2019)Next article