Dysfunctions and Transformational Processes in Social Systems under Contemporary Global Changes

The present study examines social systems as complex and dynamic structures that function through the interaction of institutions, social groups, norms, and values. In the context of globalization, technological transformations, and increasing interdependence among societies, social systems are subjected to growing transformational pressure and various forms of dysfunctionality. The article analyzes the main theoretical approaches to the study of social systems, focusing on the concepts of Talcott Parsons and Niklas Luhmann. Particular attention is given to the mechanisms of systemic stability, adaptation, and integration, as well as to the factors that may lead to disruptions in the functional balance of social structures.

The study identifies the main directions of dysfunctionality in social systems, including accelerated social change, global external shocks, institutional instability, structural rigidity, and technological transformations. Specific manifestations of these processes in Bulgaria and the European Union are also examined, such as social inequality, regional disparities, the crisis of institutional trust, and demographic challenges. In conclusion, the study emphasizes that the resilience of social systems depends on their ability to develop adaptive mechanisms, modernize institutional structures, and maintain a balance between stability and change. Effective management of social risks, the reduction of social inequality, and the strengthening of institutional legitimacy are considered key factors for the sustainable development of contemporary societies.