Table 1
Social demographics
| N | M | SD | Min | Max | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | Female | 22 | 20.82 | 2.91 | 18 | 29 |
| Male | 6 | 20.83 | 1.60 | 1 8 | 23 | |
| Nationality | Dutch nationality and origin | 7 | ||||
| Dutch nationality and other descent | 2 | |||||
| Other nationality and origin | 19 |
Figure 1
Neutral visual stimulus
Source: IAPS; Lang et al. 2008
Figure 2
Aversive visual stimulus
Source: IAPS; Lang et al. 2008
Figure 3
The procedure of the experiment—the length of each box presents the approximate duration of each step
Source: Author
Figure 4
A schematic representation of an experimental trial
Source: Author
Figure 5
An example of the no threat trial and the predictable threat trial
Source: Author
Figure 6
Topographic maps of the N1 activity
Source: Author
Figure 7
Intensity ratings for neutral and aversive stimuli in all three modalities
Source: Author
Figure 8
Unpleasantness ratings for neutral and aversive stimuli in all three modalities
Source: Author
Figure 9
Unpleasantness ratings before and after the three blocks
Source: Author
Figure 10
Scores of the N1 component in neutral somatosensory stimulus presented with threat in all three modalities and with all three conditions
Source: Author
Table 2
descriptive statistics for the N1 component
| Mean | Std. Deviation | |
|---|---|---|
| No threat, somatosensory modality | -1.58 | 2.16 |
| No threat, auditory modality | -1.37 | 1.80 |
| No threat, visual modality | -.87 | 2.21 |
| Predictable threat, somatosensory modality | -1.61 | 1.84 |
| Predictable threat, auditory modality | -1.05 | 1.58 |
| Predictable threat, visual modality | -.95 | 1.53 |
| Unpredictable threat, somatosensory modality | -2.09 | 1.95 |
| Unpredictable threat, auditory modality | -.98 | 1.73 |
| Unpredictable threat, visual modality | -.72 | 1.92 |
Figure 11
The N1 component in the auditory threat
Source: Author
Figure 12
The N1 component in the visual threat
Source: Author
Figure 13
The N1 component in the somatosensory threat
Source: Author