References
- 1. Fokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Mullol J, Bachert C, Alobid I, Baroody F, et al. European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2012. Rhinol Suppl [Internet]. 2012;23:3 p preceding table of contents, 1-298. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22764607.
- 2. Newton JR, Ah-See KW. A review of nasal polyposis. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2008;4(2):507–12.
- 3. Bengtsson C, Lindberg E, Jonsson L, Holmstrom M, Sundbom F, Hedner J, et al. Chronic rhinosinusitis impairs sleep quality: results of the GA2LEN study. Sleep. 2017;40(1). DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsw021.10.1093/sleep/zsw021
- 4. Rosenfeld RM, Piccirillo JF, Chandrasekhar SS, Brook I, Ashok Kumar K, Kramper M, et al. Clinical practice guideline (update): adult sinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015;152(2 Suppl):S1–39. DOI: 10.1177/0194599815572097.10.1177/0194599815572097
- 5. Bhattacharyya N, Orlandi RR, Grebner J, Martinson M. Cost burden of chronic rhinosinusitis: a claims-based study. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011;144(3):440–5. DOI: 10.1177/0194599810391852. Epub 2011 Feb 3.10.1177/0194599810391852.Epub2011Feb3
- 6. Mahdavinia M, Schleimer RP, Keshavarzian A. Sleep disruption in chronic rhinosinusitis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2017;15(5):457-65. DOI: 10.1080/14787210.1294063. Epub 2017 Feb 17.10.1080/14787210.1294063.Epub2017Feb17
- 7. Wagenmann M, Scheckenbach K, Chaker AM. Endotypes in chronic rhinosinusitis: biomarkers based on a mechanistic insight for targeted treatment? ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2017;79(1–2):78–84. DOI: 10.1159/000455721. Epub 2017 Feb 24.10.1159/000455721.Epub2017Feb24
- 8. Cekin E, Ipcioglu OM, Erkul BE, Kapucu B, Ozcan O, Cincik H, et al. The association of oxidative stress and nasal polyposis. J Int Med Res. 2009;37(2):325–30.19383225
- 9. Cheng YK, Tsai MH, Lin CD, Hwang GY, Hang LW, Tseng GC, et al. Oxidative stress in nonallergic nasal polyps associated with bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Allergy. 2006;61(11):1290–8.
- 10. Bozkus F, San I, Ulas T, Iynen I, Yesilova Y, Guler Y, et al. Evaluation of total oxidative stress parameters in patients with nasal polyps. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2013;33(4):248–53.
- 11. Topal O, Kulaksizoglu S, Erbek SS. Oxidative stress and nasal polyposis: does it affect the severity of the disease? Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2014;28(1):e1-4. DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2014.28.3963.10.2500/ajra.2014.28.3963
- 12. Holecek V, Rokyta R, Slipka J. Free radicals in nasal and paranasal diseases. In: Miller J, Le Prell CG, Rybak L, editors. Free radicals in ENT pathology. Humana Press; 2015, p.479–92.
- 13. Esmatinia F, Bakhshaei M. Recurrent sinonasal polyposis after the endoscopic sinus surgery. Rev Clin Med. 2014;1(2):86-92. DOI: 10.17463/RCM.2014.02.010.10.17463/RCM.2014.02.010
- 14. Burgess A, Shah K, Hough O, Hynynen K. Focused ultrasound-mediated drug delivery through the blood-brain barrier. Expert Rev Neurother. 2015;15(5):477–91. DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1028369.10.1586/14737175.2015.1028369
- 15. Cheng YK, Hwang GY, Lin CD, Tsai MH, Tsai SW, Chang WC. Altered expression profile of superoxide dismutase isoforms in nasal polyps from nonallergic patients. Laryngoscope. 2006;116(3):417–22.
- 16. Dagli M, Eryilmaz A, Besler T, Akmansu H, Acar A, Korkmaz H. Role of free radicals and antioxidants in nasal polyps. Laryngoscope. 2004;114(7):1200–3.
- 17. Sagit M, Erdamar H, Saka C, Yalcin S, Akin I. Effect of antioxidants on the clinical outcome of patients with nasal polyposis. J Laryngol Otol. 2011;125(08):811–5. DOI: 10.1017/S0022215111001149. Epub 2011 Jun 14.
- 18. Bozkus F, Ulas T, San I, Yesilova Y, Iynen I, Guldur ME, et al. Evaluation of ceruloplasmin levels in patients undergoing surgical interventions with nasal polyps. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2013;40(3):282–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2012.07.018. Epub 2012 Oct 30.10.1016/j.anl.2012.07.018.Epub2012Oct30
- 19. Yu Z, Wang Y, Zhang J, Li L, Wu X, Ma R, et al. Expression of heme oxygenase-1 in eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: modulation by cytokines. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2015;5(8):734-40. DOI: 10.1002/alr.21530. Epub 2015 Apr 23.10.1002/alr.21530.Epub2015Apr23
- 20. Taysi S, Uslu C, Yilmaz A, Aktan B, Altas E. Lipid peroxidation and some antioxidant enzymes in nasal polyp tissue. Cell Biochem Funct. 2006;24(5):461–5.10.1002/cbf.1303
- 21. Kirtsreesakul V. Update on nasal polyps: etiopathogenesis. J Med Assoc Thail. 2005;88(12):1966–72.
- 22. Assanasen P. Medical and surgical management of nasal polyps. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016;9(1):27–36.
- 23. Lopez-Chacon M, Mullol J, Pujols L. Clinical and biological markers of difficult-to-treat severe chronic rhinosinusitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2015;15(5):19. DOI: 10.1007/s11882-015-0520-6.10.1007/s11882-015-0520-6
- 24. Duda R. The role of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis: Literature review. Rom J Rhinol. 2015;5(18):81–5. DOI: 10.1515/rjr-2015-0009.10.1515/rjr-2015-0009
- 25. Önerci MT, Ferguson BJ. Nasal polyposis: Pathogenesis, medical and surgical treatment. Springer Science & Business Media; 2010.
- 26. Akyigit A, Keles E, Etem EO, Ozercan I, Akyol H, Sakallioglu O, et al. Genetic polymorphism of antioxidant enzymes in eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic nasal polyposis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2017;274(1):267–73. DOI: 10.1007/s00405-016-4259-z. Epub 2016 Aug 11.10.1007/s00405-016-4259-z.Epub2016Aug11
- 27. Lee JM, McKnight CL, Aves T, Yip J, Grewal AS, Gupta S. Nasal nitric oxide as a marker of sinus mucosal health in patients with nasal polyposis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2015;5(10):894–9. DOI: 10.1002/alr.21598. Epub 2015 Jul 17.10.1002/alr.21598.Epub2015Jul17
- 28. Egea J, Fabregat I, Frapart YM, Ghezzi P, Görlach A, Kietzmann T, et al. Corrigendum to “European contribution to the study of ROS: A summary of the findings and prospects for the future from the COST action BM1203 (EUROS)” [Redox Biol. 13 (2017) 94–162]. Redox Biol. 2018;14:694–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.10.001. Epub 2017 Oct 26.10.1016/j.redox.2017.10.001.Epub2017Oct26
- 29. Birben E, Sahiner UM, Sackesen C, Erzurum S, Kalayci O. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense. World Allergy Organ J. 2012;5(1):9–19. DOI: 10.1097/WOX.0b013e3182439613. Epub 2012 Jan 13.10.1097/WOX.0b013e3182439613.Epub201213
- 30. Lobo V, Patil A, Phatak A, Chandra N. Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health. Pharmacogn Rev. 2010 Jul;4(8):118–26.
- 31. Asher BF, Guilford FT. Oxidative stress and low glutathione in common ear, nose, and throat conditions: A systematic review. Altern Ther Health Med. 2016;22(5):44–50.
- 32. Arild Danielsen K, Eskeland Ø, Fridrich-Aas K, Cecilie Orszagh V, Bachmann-Harildstad G, Burum-Auensen E. Bacterial biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis; distribution and prevalence. Acta Otolaryngol. 2016;136(1):109–12. DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2015.1092169. Epub 2015 Sep 25.10.3109/00016489.2015.1092169.Epub2015Sep25
- 33. Norlander T, Fukami M, Westrin KM, Stierna P, Carlsöö B. Formation of mucosal polyps in the nasal and maxillary sinus cavities by infection. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1993;109(3 Pt 1):522-9.
- 34. Wladislavosky-Waserman P, Kern EB, Holley KE, Eisenbrey AB, Gleich GJ. Epithelial damage in nasal polyps. Clin Allergy. 1984;14(3):241–7.10.1111/j.1365-2222.1984.tb02203.x
- 35. Carey RM, Workman AD, Chen B, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Kennedy DW, et al. Staphylococcus aureus triggers nitric oxide production in human upper airway epithelium. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2015;5(9):808–13. DOI: 10.1002/alr.21568. Epub 2015 Jun 22.10.1002/alr.21568.Epub2015Jun22
- 36. Tamashiro E, Banks CA, Cohen NA. New Areas for Investigation: Nitric Oxide. In: Önerci TM, Ferguson BJ, editors. Nasal Polyposis: Pathogenesis, Medical and Surgical Treatment. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg; 2010, p.175-83.
- 37. Carey RM, Chen B, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Kennedy DW, Lee RJ, et al. Human upper airway epithelium produces nitric oxide in response to Staphylococcus epidermidis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2016;6(12):1238–44. DOI: 10.1002/alr.21837. Epub 2016 Aug 10.10.1002/alr.21837.Epub2016Aug10
- 38. Cho DY, Le W, Bravo DT, Hwang PH, Illek B, Fischer H, et al. Air pollutants cause release of hydrogen peroxide and interleukin-8 in a human primary nasal tissue culture model. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2014;4(12):966–71. DOI: 10.1002/alr.21413. Epub 2014 Nov 14.
- 39. Smith KA, Rudmik L. Medical therapy, refractory chronic rhinosinusitis, and productivity costs. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;17(1):5–11. DOI: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000329.10.1097/ACI.0000000000000329
- 40. Passali D, Cingi C, Cambi J, Passali F, Muluk NB, Bellussi ML. A survey on chronic rhinosinusitis: opinions from experts of 50 countries. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016;273(8):2097–109. DOI: 10.1007/s00405-015-3880-6. Epub 2016 Jan 7.
- 41. Chong LY, Head K, Hopkins C, Philpott C, Schilder AGM, Burton MJ. Intranasal steroids versus placebo or no intervention for chronic rhinosinusitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;4:CD011996. DOI: 10.1002/14650858. CD011996.pub.2.10.1002/14650858.CD011996.pub.2
- 42. Kohanski MA, Tharakan A, Lane AP, Ramanathan M Jr. Bactericidal antibiotics promote reactive oxygen species formation and inflammation in human sinonasal epithelial cells. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2016;6(2):191–200. DOI: 10.1002/alr.21646. Epub 2015 Dec 1.10.1002/alr.21646.Epub2015Dec1
- 43. Yu MS, Kim BH, Kang SH, Lim DJ. Low-concentration hypochlorous acid nasal irrigation for chronic sinonasal symptoms: a prospective randomized placebo-controlled study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2017;274(3):1527–33. DOI: 10.1007/s00405-016-4387-5. Epub 2016 Nov 17.10.1007/s00405-016-4387-5.Epub2016Nov17
- 44. Veyseller B, Aksoy E, Ertas B, Keskin M, Ozturan O, Yildirim YS, et al. A new oxidative stress marker in patients with nasal polyposis: advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP). B-ENT. 2010;6(2):105–9.