Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Baseline characteristics of patients according to specific disease
| FSGS | MCD | LN | Vascultis | MGP | MPGN | Posinfectious GN | IgAN | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 42 (31; 54) | 44 (27; 57) | 38 (29; 49.5) | 62 (50; 69) | 54 (44; 63) | 48.5 (35; 61) | 41 (28; 57) | 42 (29; 51) | <0.001 | |
| Sex male (%) | 49,2 | 47 | 22,2 | 50 | 61,5 | 52,4 | 60 | 61 | ||
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.21 (0.9; 1.81) | 1 (0.64; 1.55) | 0.87 (0.67; 1.82) | 5.5 (3.1; 7.2) | 0.9 (0.72; 1.34) | 1.59 (1.06; 3.02) | 1.54 (1.16; 2.46) | 1.35 (0.83; 1.94) | <0.001 | |
| eGFR (mL/min) | 64.02 (40.64; 91.18) | 90.73 (45.27; 117.98) | 92.73 (39.26; 114.52) | 10.35 (6.63; 19.25) | 83.04 (56.93; 108.18) | 44.25 (25.27; 71.47) | 59.8 (27.46; 73.33) | 61.25 (39.43; 111.04) | <0.001 | |
| Serum albumine (g/dL) | 2.8 (1.7; 3.57) | 2.27 (1.78; 2.85) | 3 (2.55; 3.59) | 3.29 (2.92; 3.51) | 2.5 (1.96; 3) | 3.27 (2.69; 3.65) | 3.84 (2.99; 4.17) | 3.63 (2.9; 4.03) | <0.001 | |
| Total serum proteins (g/dL) | 5.03 (3.98; 6.03) | 4.76 (4.2; 5.5) | 6.04 (5.1; 6.57) | 6.3 (5.84; 6.95) | 4.93 (4.26; 5.58) | 5.65 (5.11; 6.5) | 6.41 (5.62; 7.17) | 6.3 (5.43; 6.8) | <0.001 | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 287 (207; 357) | 301 (246; 400) | 200.5 (173; 252) | 169 (156.5; 229) | 257.5 (217; 351) | 222 (190.5; 263) | 213.5 (168; 244) | 211 (180; 281) | <0.001 | |
| Tryglicerides (mg/dL) | 211.5 (151.5; 331) | 198 (130.5; 290.5) | 162.5 (109; 229) | 162.5 (132; 196.5) | 181 (139; 267.5) | 155.5 (116; 230) | 118 (100.5; 185) | 131 (86; 198) | 0,001 | |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 6.71 (5.49; 8) | 6.26 (4.96; 8.1) | 6.03 (4.98; 7.35) | 7.22 (6.15; 8.99) | 5.8 (4.7; 7.1) | 6.65 (5.13; 8.6) | 7.59 (6.26; 9.39) | 6.83 (5.71; 8.32) | 0,006 | |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.2 (11.85; 14.1) | 13.05 (11.7; 14.5) | 11.4 (10.2; 12.95) | 10.4 (9.3; 11) | 13.1 (11.8; 14.8) | 11.6 (10; 12.7) | 11.8 (9.1; 13.8) | 13 (11.2; 14.3) | <0.001 | |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 0.42 (0.14; 0.67) | 0.2 (0.09; 0.48) | 0.41 (0.19; 0.75) | 1.42 (0.6; 3.71) | 0.4 (0.13; 0.52) | 0.43 (0.2; 0.79) | 0.2 (0.09; 0.46) | 0.25 (0.09; 0.57) | <0.001 | |
| Proteinuria (g/day) | 7.15 (4.15; 12.68) | 7.99 (4.23; 11.8) | 3 (2; 6.12) | 2.2 (1.3; 3.2) | 6.64 (3.9; 11.52) | 3.93 (1.52; 9.4) | 2.42 (0.63; 2.68) | 2.56 (1; 4.68) | <0.001 | |
| Hematuria (%) | < 5 p/HPF | 32,8 | 39,1 | 19,3 | 7,5 | 37,7 | 4,8 | 40 | 13,3 | |
| 5–20 p/HPF | 44,8 | 48,4 | 42,1 | 15 | 51,9 | 40,5 | 20 | 32 | ||
| 20–50 p/HPF | 12,1 | 10,9 | 17,5 | 22,5 | 7,8 | 19 | 30 | 25,3 | ||
| >50 p/HPF | 10,3 | 1,6 | 21,1 | 55 | 2,6 | 35,7 | 10 | 29,3 | ||
| Dysmorphic hematuria (%) | 10,3 | 6,3 | 14,3 | 41 | 9,2 | 33,3 | 20 | 36,5 | ||
| MGRS | Alport syndrome | VD | DN | ATN | TIN | anti GBM | Other | p | ||
| Age (years) | 55 (51; 63.5) | 31 (19.5; 48.5) | 43.5 (37; 53) | 54.5 (47; 58) | 58 (50; 60) | 50 (45; 58) | 49 (46; 57) | 49 (39.5; 63) | <0.001 | |
| Sex male (%) | 63,2 | 75 | 57,1 | 66,7 | 100 | 61,9 | 80 | 52,6 | ||
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.49 (1.08; 4.12) | 0.99 (0.74; 1.56) | 2.42 (1.01; 4.3) | 1.52 (0.94; 2.27) | 7.8 (4.12; 8.6) | 2.28 (1.81; 3.7) | 7.82 (4.13; 9.31) | 2.16 (0.99; 4.21) | <0.001 | |
| eGFR (mL/min) | 48.28 (17.08; 73.49) | 92.73 (56.3; 116.68) | 29.32 (13.59; 98.23) | 53.27 (29.5; 87.08) | 7.42 (6.6; 18.64) | 28.68 (16.22; 34.51) | 8.35 (5.57; 34.89) | 33.94 (16.52; 80.14) | <0.001 | |
| Serum albumine (g/dL) | 2.47 (2.19; 3.36) | 3.85 (3.66; 3.92) | 4.02 (3.38; 4.21) | 2.97 (2.46; 3.59) | 3.77 (2.46; 3.97) | 3.78 (3.18; 4.14) | 2.84 (2.59; 2.9) | 3.46 (2.27; 3.99) | <0.001 | |
| Total serum proteins (g/dL) | 5.23 (4.6; 5.94) | 6.37 (6.2; 7.07) | 6.41 (6.17; 6.91) | 6.1 (5.46; 6.62) | 6.95 (5.5; 7.33) | 6.98 (6.2; 7.27) | 5 (4.94; 5.49) | 5.16 (4.9; 6.7) | <0.001 | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 271 (194; 358) | 174 (143; 209) | 205.5 (166; 210) | 206 (151; 227) | 191 (162; 199) | 200 (133; 244) | 180 (167.5; 265.5) | 186 (160; 294) | <0.001 | |
| Tryglicerides (mg/dL) | 191 (111; 298) | 99 (66; 159) | 143 (114; 174) | 104 (81; 167) | 167 (113; 172) | 109 (87.5; 161.5) | 137 (118.5; 142.5) | 172 (137.5; 213) | 0,001 | |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 4.99 (3.9; 6.89) | 6.98 (6.62; 9) | 7.74 (6.1; 9.37) | 6.7 (5.37; 8.51) | 7.21 (6.28; 7.97) | 6.8 (6.3; 7.22) | 7.33 (6.93; 8.66) | 1.21 (0.9; 1.81) | 0,006 | |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.4 (10.6; 12.5) | 14.55 (12.65; 15.4) | 10.1 (9.8; 13.7) | 13.1 (10.9; 14.2) | 11.1 (10.4; 11.5) | 10.5 (9.9; 12.45) | 9.8 (9.5; 11.1) | 11.3 (10.3; 12.55) | <0.001 | |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 0.5 (0.21; 4.58) | 0.17 (0.09; 0.31) | 0.35 (0.18; 1.51) | 0.64 (0.33; 1.1) | 1.29 (0.37; 5) | 0.61 (0.32; 2.29) | 3.06 (0.16; 4.72) | 0.79 (0.5; 0.99) | <0.001 | |
| Proteinuria (g/day) | 11.7 (6.21; 19.14) | 2.19 (1.15; 2.98) | 2.7 (0.5; 3.43) | 6.7 (4.5; 8.19) | 2.69 (1.1; 11.43) | 1.23 (0.57; 5.05) | 9.68 (9.55; 11.68) | 2 (1.28; 5) | <0.001 | |
| Hematuria (%) | < 5 p/HPF | 61,1 | 0 | 46,2 | 35,3 | 66,7 | 36,8 | 0 | 13,3 | |
| 5–20 p/HPF | 16,7 | 12,5 | 38,5 | 41,2 | 16,7 | 26,3 | 0 | 46,7 | ||
| 20–50 p/HPF | 16,7 | 37,5 | 15,4 | 17,6 | 16,7 | 15,8 | 25 | 33,3 | ||
| >50 p/HPF | 5,6 | 50 | 0 | 5,9 | 0 | 21,1 | 75 | 6,7 | ||
| Dysmorphic hematuria (%) | 5,6 | 62,5 | 30,8 | 11,8 | 16,7 | 10,5 | 50 | 6,7 | ||
Baseline characteristics of patients according to indication of kidney biopsy
| Nephrotic syndrome | Nephritic syndrome | AUA | AKI/RPRF | CKD | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 48 (34; 60) | 45.5 (34; 56.5) | 44 (36; 55.5) | 57.5 (49.5; 65.5) | 46.5 (33; 50) | 0,03 | |
| Sex male (%) | 55,6 | 50 | 56,3 | 45 | 62,5 | ||
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.23 (0.8; 2.19) | 1.41 (0.89; 2.97) | 1.02 (0.8; 1.28) | 6.3 (2.13; 8.2) | 4.65 (3.2; 7.38) | <0.001 | |
| eGFR (mL/min) | 65.09 (32.04; 101.62) | 57.44 (23.83; 99.52) | 87.03 (53.35; 113.77) | 8.45 (6.23; 28.23) | 13.8 (6.27; 23.66) | <0.001 | |
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 2.56 (1.98; 3.23) | 3.78 (3.3; 4.1) | 3.97 (3.77; 4.12) | 3.46 (2.73; 4.05) | 3.8 (3.4; 3.97) | <0.001 | |
| Total serum proteins (g/dL) | 5.14 (4.4; 5.91) | 6.7 (6.11; 7.09) | 6.47 (6.02; 6.98) | 6.7 (5.97; 6.93) | 7.01 (6.1; 7.93) | <0.001 | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 254 (194; 345.5) | 195.5 (162; 239) | 198 (156; 235) | 203.5 (178.5; 238) | 111 (59; 163) | <0.001 | |
| Tryglicerides (mg/dL) | 175 (122; 269) | 141.5 (96; 204) | 130 (99; 215) | 149 (121; 222.5) | 115.5 (28; 203) | 0,005 | |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 6,49 (5,2; 7,72) | 6,78 (5,4; 8,12) | 6,72 (5,97; 9,59) | 6,8 (6,21; 7,88) | 6,48 (4,51; 10,32) | 0,72 | |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.4 (10.8; 14.05) | 11.9 (10.5; 13.8) | 13.95 (13; 14.75) | 10.2 (9.15; 10.75) | 10.8 (9.85; 11.55) | <0.001 | |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 0.41 (0.15; 0.7) | 0.43 (0.13; 0.9) | 0.15 (0.08; 0.49) | 0.9 (0.3; 1.96) | 0.7 (0.42; 4.25) | 0,04 | |
| Proteinuria (g/day) | 7 (4.25; 11.75) | 1.52 (0.88; 2.5) | 2.1 (1.42; 2.85) | 0.7 (0.46; 1.68) | 1.17 (0.52; 1.85) | <0.001 | |
| Hematuria (%) | < 5 p/HPF | 71,3 | 9,6 | 9,6 | 6,6 | 2,9 | |
| 5-20 p/HPF | 75,0 | 21,9 | 1,0 | 1,5 | 0,5 | ||
| 20–50 p/HPF | 48,3 | 48,3 | 0,0 | 3,4 | 0,0 | ||
| >50 p/HPF | 53,2 | 41,5 | 1,1 | 3,2 | 1,1 | ||
| Dysmorphic hematuria (%) | 14,3 | 37,0 | 12,5 | 0,0 | 0,0 | ||
Baseline characteristics according to histological pattern
| Normal glomeruli | Mezangiopro-liferative | Endocapillary prolipherative | Crescentic | Membranopro- liferative | Sclerozant | Membranous | FSGS | Diffuse Nodular mesangial expansion | Vascular | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 47 (29; 59) | 43 (35; 55) | 46 (33; 58) | 57 (44; 64.5) | 52.5 (42; 61) | 49 (36.5; 55.5) | 53.5 (44; 63) | 42 (32.5; 56.5) | 45.5 (34; 54) | 49 (37; 55) | 0,03 | |
| Sex male (%) | 55,4 | 51,6 | 26,4 | 70,5 | 54,5 | 60 | 53,8 | 50 | 55,3 | 41,2 | ||
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.99 (0.66; 1.67) | 1.44 (0.7; 2.07) | 1.5 (0.81; 3.7) | 4.88 (2.33; 8) | 1.57 (1.14; 2.41) | 2.27 (1.7; 4.5) | 0.9 (0.76; 1.48) | 1.3 (0.95; 1.77) | 1.21 (0.83; 1.94) | 4.28 (2; 6.59) | <0.001 | |
| eGFR (mL/min) | 90.48 (40.95; 114.14) | 52.69 (34.67; 114.66) | 58.88 (16.63; 96.66) | 11.34 (6.39; 32.76) | 41.06 (27.38; 62.41) | 28.46 (14.29; 49.42) | 82.59 (51.26; 107.82) | 60.59 (42.2; 82.27) | 67.73 (35.25; 106.37) | 13.59 (8.41; 29.32) | <0.001 | |
| Serum albumine (g/dL) | 2.32 (1.78; 2.99) | 3.56 (2.95; 4) | 3.31 (2.76; 3.75) | 3.03 (2.65; 3.4) | 3.27 (2.66; 3.57) | 3.74 (3.11; 4.14) | 2.39 (1.94; 3) | 2.69 (1.68; 3.6) | 3.33 (2.42; 3.93) | 3.31 (2.88; 4.16) | <0.001 | |
| Total serum proteins (g/dL) | 4.98 (4.2; 5.71) | 6.23 (5.5; 6.97) | 6.25 (5.34; 6.57) | 6.05 (5.5; 6.74) | 5.69 (5.13; 6.34) | 6.48 (5.23; 7.02) | 4.78 (4.22; 5.6) | 4.7 (3.91; 6.24) | 6.02 (5.1; 6.72) | 6.27 (5.41; 6.91) | <0.001 | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 287 (226; 374) | 198.5 (168; 246) | 206 (166; 255) | 174.5 (156; 256) | 203.5 (171; 244) | 211.5 (171.5; 252) | 255.5 (213; 331) | 333.5 (208.5; 378) | 215 (185; 290) | 193 (151.5; 221) | <0.001 | |
| Tryglicerides (mg/dL) | 172 (118; 264.5) | 134 (100; 179) | 162 (110; 224.5) | 163 (124.5; 196.5) | 170 (109.5; 264) | 140 (104.5; 181) | 183 (139; 267.5) | 261 (193; 350) | 150 (104.5; 230) | 169.5 (129; 197) | 0,001 | |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 6.36±1.88 | 6.78±1.99 | 6.8±2.13 | 7.86±2.30 | 6.9±2.13 | 7.25±1.65 | 6.14±1.73 | 7.19±1.63 | 6.29±2.01 | 7.9±2.24 | 0,72 | |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13 (11.8; 14.4) | 12.3 (11; 13.4) | 11.2 (9.9; 12.5) | 10.25 (9.2; 11.4) | 10.8 (9.7; 12.5) | 12 (10.4; 14.4) | 12.7 (11.3; 14.5) | 13.2 (12.1; 14.5) | 12.5 (11; 14.2) | 10.1 (9.65; 10.65) | <0.001 | |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 0.99 (0.66; 1.67) | 1.44 (0.7; 2.07) | 1.5 (0.81; 3.7) | 4.88 (2.33; 8) | 1.57 (1.14; 2.41) | 2.27 (1.7; 4.5) | 0.9 (0.76; 1.48) | 1.3 (0.95; 1.77) | 1.21 (0.83; 1.94) | 4.28 (2; 6.59) | 0,04 | |
| Proteinuria (g/day) | 7.11 (3.95; 11.5) | 2.68 (1.32; 5.2) | 2.22 (0.88; 6.07) | 2.5 (1.7; 5.12) | 4.7 (1.5; 11) | 2.63 (0.78; 5.14) | 6.7 (3.7; 12.26) | 7.8 (4.06; 13.25) | 3.62 (2.04; 8.85) | 3.1 (1.28; 8.55) | <0.001 | |
| Hematuria (%) | < 5 p/HPF | 44,7 | 15 | 13,3 | 12,2 | 4,5 | 24,2 | 31,2 | 38,1 | 27 | 40 | |
| 5-20 p/HPF | 43,5 | 40 | 35,6 | 14,6 | 36,4 | 36,4 | 59,7 | 35,7 | 30,3 | 26,7 | ||
| 20–50 p/HPF | 9,4 | 15 | 22,2 | 26,8 | 22,7 | 18,2 | 6,5 | 16,7 | 23,6 | 20 | ||
| >50 p/HPF | 2,4 | 30 | 28,9 | 46,3 | 36,4 | 21,2 | 2,6 | 9,5 | 19,1 | 13,3 | ||
| Dysmorphic hematuria (%) | 5,9 | 25,4 | 36,4 | 32,5 | 45,5 | 15,2 | 10,5 | 9,5 | 23,6 | 20 | ||
Specific diagnosis relative to clinical syndrome and distribution of clinical syndromes within each specific diagnosis
| Biopsy indication | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nephrotic syndrome | Nephritic syndrome | AUA | AKI /RPRF | CKD | |||
| Specific diagnosis | FSGS | within specific diagnosis (%) | 87,3 | 6,3 | 4,8 | 0 | 1,6 |
| within biopsy indication (%) | 15,7 | 2,8 | 18,8 | 0 | 12,5 | ||
| MCD | within specific diagnosis (%) | 89,4 | 4,5 | 6,1 | 0 | 0 | |
| within biopsy indication (%) | 16,8 | 2,1 | 25 | 0 | 0 | ||
| LN | within specific diagnosis (%) | 55,9 | 39 | 3,4 | 1,7 | 0 | |
| within biopsy indication (%) | 9,4 | 16 | 12,5 | 5 | 0 | ||
| Vascultis | within specific diagnosis (%) | 25 | 636,6 | 0 | 9,1 | 2,3 | |
| within biopsy indication (%) | 3,1 | 19,4 | 0 | 20 | 12,5 | ||
| MGP | within specific diagnosis (%) | 93,5 | 3,9 | 2,6 | 0 | 0 | |
| within biopsy indication (%) | 20,5 | 2,1 | 12,5 | 0 | 0 | ||
| MPGN | within specific diagnosis (%) | 64,1 | 30,8 | 2,6 | 2,6 | 0 | |
| within biopsy indication (%) | 7,1 | 8,3 | 6,3 | 5 | 0 | ||
| Postinfectious GN | within specific diagnosis (%) | 44,4 | 55,6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| within biopsy indication (%) | 1,1 | 3,5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| IgAN | within specific diagnosis (%) | 39,2 | 59,5 | 1,4 | 0 | 0 | |
| within biopsy indication (%) | 8,3 | 30,6 | 6,3 | 0 | 0 | ||
| MGRS | within specific diagnosis (%) | 95,2 | 4,8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| within biopsy indication (%) | 5,7 | 0,7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Alport syndrome | within specific diagnosis (%) | 25 | 62,5 | 12,5 | 0 | 0 | |
| within biopsy indication (%) | 0,6 | 3,5 | 6,3 | 0 | 0 | ||
| VD | within specific diagnosis (%) | 42,9 | 21,4 | 7,1 | 21,4 | 7,1 | |
| within biopsy indication (%) | 1,7 | 2,1 | 6,3 | 15 | 12,5 | ||
| DN | within specific diagnosis (%) | 88,2 | 5,9 | 5,9 | 0 | 0 | |
| within biopsy indication (%) | 4,3 | 0,7 | 6,3 | 0 | 0 | ||
| ATN | within specific diagnosis (%) | 16,7 | 16,7 | 0 | 50 | 16,7 | |
| within biopsy indication (%) | 0,3 | 0,7 | 0 | 15 | 12,5 | ||
| TIN | within specific diagnosis (%) | 33,3 | 33,3 | 0 | 14,3 | 19 | |
| within biopsy indication (%) | 2 | 4,9 | 0 | 15 | 50 | ||
| anti GBM | within specific diagnosis (%) | 60 | 20 | 0 | 20 | 0 | |
| within biopsy indication (%) | 0,9 | 0,7 | 0 | 5 | 0 | ||
| Other | within specific diagnosis (%) | 56,3 | 18,8 | 0 | 25 | 0 | |
| within biopsy indication (%) | 2,6 | 2,1 | 0 | 20 | 0 | ||