Update on Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV8) – review

Iftode, Nicoleta; Rădulescu, Mihaela Andreea; Aramă, Ștefan Sorin; Aramă, Victoria

doi:10.2478/rjim-2020-0017

Abstract

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), also known as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), is one of the few pathogens recognized as direct carcinogen, being involved in the pathogenesis of Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman disease. KSHV is a relatively recently discovered virus, with still limited possibilities for diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, ongoing studies are trying to answer the main issues related to the management of KSHV infection and its associated diseases. This review updates the current knowledge of the KSHV infection, discussing aspects related to epidemiology, virological features, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment.

References

1. BRAY F, FERLAY J, SOERJOMATARAM I, SIEGEL RL, TORRE LA, JEMAL A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2018; 68(6): 394–424.10.3322/caac.2149230207593
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
2. CHANG Y, CESARMAN E, PESSIN MS, et al. Identification of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma. Science. 1994; 266(5192): 1865–9.10.1126/science.79978797997879
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
3. CALABRO ML, SARID R. Human Herpesvirus 8 and Lymphoproliferative Disorders. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2018; 10(1): e2018061.10.4084/mjhid.2018.061622357530416693
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
4. ARVIN A, CAMPIDELLI-FIUME G, MOCARSKI E, MOORE PS, ROIZMAN B, WHITLEY R, YAMANISHI K. Human Herpesviruses: Biology, Therapy and Immunoprophylaxis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007: 341–903.10.1017/CBO9780511545313
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
5. LABO N, WHITBY D. Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus: Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Related Cancer. In: Viruses and Human Cancer. Springer Science+Business Media, New York, 2014: 323–340.10.1007/978-1-4939-0870-7_13
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
6. DEDICOAT M, NEWTON R. Review of the distribution of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) in Africa in relation to the incidence of Kaposi’s sarcoma. Br J Cancer. 2003; 88(1): 1–3.10.1038/sj.bjc.6600745237677112556950
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
7. ENGELS EA, ATKINSON JO, GRAUBARD BI, MCQUILLAN GM, GAMACHE C, MBISA G,COHN S, WHITBY D, GOEDERT JJ. Risk factors for human herpesvirus 8 infection among adults in the United States and evidence for sexual transmission. J Infect Dis. 2007; 196(2): 199–207.10.1086/51879117570106
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
8. TEDESCHI R, DILLNER J, PAOLI P. Laboratory Diagnosis of Human Herpesvirus 8 Infection in Humans. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2002; 21(12): 831–844.10.1007/s10096-002-0836-812525917
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
9. CESARMAN E, DAMANIA B, KROWN SE, MARTIN J, BOWER M, WHITBY D. Kaposi sarcoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019; 5(1): 9.10.1038/s41572-019-0060-9668521330705286
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
10. MESRI EA, CESARMAN E, BOSHOFF C. Kaposi’s sarcoma and its associated herpesvirus. Nat Rev Cancer. 2010; 10(10): 707–719.10.1038/nrc2888472166220865011
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
11. MARTIN JN, GANEM DE, OSMOND DH et al. Sexual transmission and the natural history of human herpesvirus 8 infection. N Engl J Med. 1998; 338(14): 948–954.10.1056/NEJM1998040233814039521982
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
12. MARCELIN AG, ROQUE-AFONSO AM, HURBOVA M et al. Fatal disseminated Kaposi’s sarcoma following human herpesvirus 8 primary infections in liver-transplant recipients. Liver Transpl. 2004; 10(2): 295–300.10.1002/lt.20058
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
13. Panel on Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV: recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Available at http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/contentfiles/lvguidelines/adult_oi.pdf. Accessed: 11 April 2020.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
14. MARTIN JN. Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8 and Kaposi sarcoma. Adv Dent Res. 2011; 23: 76–78.10.1177/0022034511399913
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
15. BARESOVA P, PITHA PM, LUBYOVA B. Distinct roles of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded viral interferon regulatory factors in inflammatory response and cancer. J Virol. 2013; 87(17): 9398–9410.10.1128/JVI.03315-12
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
16. MERCADER M, TADDEO B, PANELLA JR, et al. Induction of KSHV lytic cycle replication by inflammatory cytokines produced by HIV-1-infected T cells. Am J Pathol 2000; 156(6): 1961–71.10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65069-9
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
17. CAVALLIN LE, GOLDSCHMIDT-CLERMONT P, MESRI EA. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of KSHV oncogenesis of Kaposi’s sarcoma associated with HIV/AIDS. PLoS Pathog. 2014; 10(7): e1004154.10.1371/journal.ppat.1004154409213125010730
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
18. WARREN-GASH C, FORBES HJ, WILLIAMSON E, et al. Human herpesvirus infections and dementia or mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2019; 9(1): 4743.10.1038/s41598-019-41218-w642694030894595
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
19. NAGY S, GYULAI R, KEMENY L, et al. Iatrogenic Kaposi’s sarcoma: HHV8 positivity persists but the tumors regress almost completely without immunosuppressive therapy. Transplantation 2000; 69:2230.10.1097/00007890-200005270-0005310852635
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
20. KIMBALL LE, CASPER C, KOELLE DM, et al. Reduced levels of neutralizing antibodies to Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in persons with a history of Kaposi sarcoma. J Infect Dis 2004; 189: 2016.10.1086/38637115143468
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
21. MULAMA DH, MUTSVUNGUMA LZ, TOTONCHY J, et al. A multivalent Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-like particle vaccine capable of eliciting high titers of neutralizing antibodies in immunized rabbits. Vaccine. 2019; 37(30): 4184–4194.10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.071687661931201053
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
22. ARAMĂ V, STREINU CERCEL A. Infecţii cu herpesvirusuri. Editura InfoMedica, Bucureşti, 2002:439–466.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
23. ANDREONI M, SARMATI L, NICASTRI E, et al. Primary Human Herpesvirus 8 Infection in Immunocompetent Children. JAMA. 2002; 287(10): 1295–1300.10.1001/jama.287.10.129511886321
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
24. LUPPI M, BAROZZI P, SCHULZ TF, SETTI G, STASKUS K, TROVATO R, NARNI F, et al. Bone marrow failure associated with human herpesvirus 8 infection after transplantation. N Engl J Med. 2000; 343: 1378–85.10.1056/NEJM200011093431905
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
25. WANG QJ, JENKINS FJ, JACOBSON LP, KINGSLEY LA, DAY RD, ZHANG ZW, et al. Primary human herpesvirus 8 infection generates a broadly specific CD8(+) T-cell response to viral lytic cycle proteins. Blood. 2001; 97: 2366–2373.10.1182/blood.V97.8.2366
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
26. REICHART PA, KHONGKHUNTHIAN P, BENDICK C. Oral manifestations in HIV-infected individuals from Thailand and Cambodia. Medical Microbiology and Immunology 2003; 192: 157–60.10.1007/s00430-002-0168-4
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
27. FATAHZADEH M, SCHWARTZ RA. Oral Kaposi’s sarcoma: a review and update. Int J Dermatol. 2013; 52: 666–672.10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05758.x
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
28. JELLIFFE DB, COOK J, DAVIES JN. Disseminated glandular Kaposi sarcoma in a Ugandan child. J Pediatr. 1962; 61: 452–5.10.1016/S0022-3476(62)80378-3
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
29. DENIS D, SETA V, REGNIER-ROSENCHER E, KRAMKIMEL N, CHANAL J, AVRIL MF et al. A fifth subtype of Kaposi’s sarcoma, classic Kaposi’s sarcoma in men who have sex with men: a cohort study in Paris. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 2018; 32: 1377–1384.10.1111/jdv.14831
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
30. ISCOVICH J, BOFFETTA P, WINKELMANN R, BRENNAN P, AZIZI E, et al. Classic Kaposi’s sarcoma in Jews living in Israel, 1961–1989: a population-based incidence study. AIDS. 1998; 12: 2067.10.1097/00002030-199815000-00019
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
31. MAURER T, PONTE M, LESLIE K. HIV-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma with a high CD4 count and a low viral load. N Engl J Med. 2007; 357: 1352–1353.10.1056/NEJMc070508
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
32. QUNIBI W, AKHTAR M, SHETH K, GINN HE, AL-FURAYH O, DEVOL EB, TAHER S, et al. Kaposi’s sarcoma: the most common tumor after renal transplantation in Saudi Arabia. Am J Med. 1988; 84: 225–232.10.1016/0002-9343(88)90418-4
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
33. WANG J, REID H, KLIMAS N, KOSHELEV M. An unusual series of patients with Kaposi sarcoma. JAAD Case Rep. 2019; 5(8): 646–649.10.1016/j.jdcr.2019.05.016667776431388528
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
34. BIGI R, LANDIS JT, AN H, CARO-VEGAS C, RAAB-TRAUB N, DITTMER DP. Epstein-Barr virus enhances genome maintenance of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018; 115(48): E11379–E11387.10.1073/pnas.1810128115627548830429324
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
35. BOWNE WB, LEWIS JJ, FILIPPA DA, NIESVIZKY R, BROOKS AD, BURT ME, et al. The management of unicentric and multicentric Castleman’s disease: A report of 16 cases and a review of the literature. Cancer. 1999; 85(3): 706–17.10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19990201)85:3<;706::AID-CNCR21>3.0.CO;2-7
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
36. SOULIER J, GROLLET L, OKSENHENDLER E, CACOUB P, CAZALS-HATEM D, BABINET P, et al. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in multicentric Castleman’s disease. Blood. 1995; 86: 1276–1280.10.1182/blood.V86.4.1276.bloodjournal8641276
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
37. BOUVARD V, BAAN R, STRAIF K, GROSSE Y, SECRETAN B, GHISSASSI F, et al. A review of human carcinogens – part B: biological agents. Lancet Oncol. 2009; 10(4): 321–2.10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70096-8
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
38. INCANI A, MARRAS L, SERRELI G, INGIANNI A, POMPEI R, DEIANA M, et al. Human Herpesvirus 8 infection may contribute to oxidative stress in diabetes type 2 patients. BMC Res Notes. 2020; 13: 75.10.1186/s13104-020-4935-3
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
39. MANNERS O, MURPHY JC, COLEMAN A, HUGHES DJ, WHITEHOUSE A. Contribution of the KSHV and EBV lytic cycles to tumourigenesis. Curr Opin Virol. 2018; 32: 60–70.10.1016/j.coviro.2018.08.014
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
40. CHEN J, DAI L, GOLDSTEIN A, ZHANG H, TANG W, FORREST C, et al. Identification of new antiviral agents against Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) by high-throughput drug screening reveals the role of histamine-related signaling in promoting viral lytic reactivation. PLoS Pathog. 2019; 15(12): e1008156.10.1371/journal.ppat.1008156
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
41. STEBBING J, PORTSMOUTH S, GAZZARD B. How does HAART lead to the resolution of Kaposi’s sarcoma? J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003; 51: 1095–1098.10.1093/jac/dkg199
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
42. LEBBE C, GARBE C, STRATIGOS AJ, GROB JJ, PAGES C. Diagnosis and treatment of Kaposi’s sarcoma: European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline (EDF/EADO/EORTC). Eur J Cancer. 2019; 114: 117–27.10.1016/j.ejca.2018.12.036
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
43. CHAN K, LADE S, PRINCE H, HARRISON S. Update and new approaches in the treatment of Castleman disease. J Blood Med. 2016; 7: 145–158.10.2147/JBM.S60514
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Update on Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV8) – review

Abstract

Paradigm

My account