Figure 1
Figure 2
![Comparison of postoperative overall PONV score between group A [Ondansetron] and group B [Palonosetron]; 0–3 on x-axis denotes PONV scoring system used at various time intervals in postoperative period [Table 1].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6473643f4e662f30ba53c562/j_rjaic-2022-0005_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKOU4VLE2J%2F20260218%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260218T222624Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEKD%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJGMEQCIElm37I2edoD4q5bPpRaf%2FLndxDpdyCuUIxxyAvpzI4HAiBKCGlYkMaeNke%2FhDWDqk56OHYz%2BYm91oIIj9tUlW%2FNEyq9BQhqEAIaDDk2MzEzNDI4OTk0MCIMj%2Fy%2BxVXPYparhtwQKpoFL447FvGREmXCz18nDaDMCBQisAWsFC2r3Qnj9zQoKFeQPnBlZkvEoFEkUSqjh8BsFufHCCHLQqZoihCMA1KSqkZ%2F5WlDBL2WceHXdsG2QYMVZyQQeIt25XtJOKf1c1YXtm6RRKFH%2BoJ%2FQhXjyUdXtyL3%2FiygrvRyQ02i3R3Fsv2fzcB8MHZAW5Fvn9eMPgEOKIvOfInPZC%2BOwA%2FKRbnb07ks4cQeEikCoDE%2FlGBh3XfqAGaFxVhn3GMkYFHuEQl%2F2LBXpInC24ukcgmfdJwK4M3X4R5EIKVWauT%2BReXrTg4xSggJy1juhidM%2FHaHH5repoIIrbQuy8yGuIomE%2B%2F6663tFICBEVV708K%2FDZRDDo32EK4tKsEWxPVBPzhcqD5zZZ8ROf3u1APTDUgKTutUoIXMp7KItOaxT%2FCfJqlSl8n40je0ZrsPbqBrN80qf1I9YmMgT4fC2%2FprVZ8tm1iSsFLgRY%2FrFo5aCQlrviS7BI9mH%2FnAQqx7VGDtu1VRTd3avlLZceKmzWuVdTV9pApUSvsOnR5aM15v3kcH4BFFIm%2Be4ddGi8kdItCdZovnbY4J%2BzOxafj3jPOvF8gKdRiumMqSvEkMguRZdbcq29mRuYyPGE1loVNgKn09lAE%2BRiF%2BCMmcUYNg0FpYzD3bG6U%2B6J9ygLcj42f1wbaJSSuxhvjd%2BA8R09eJOIGKor4UdGisBngToDzru5gWCzMORM9YVzFgLIHYyc9ltCwEQ6AicZ5BQCbIvnVd%2FB%2BoaFgpm6wM%2BGsf%2FZrWX64P9Y%2BOPddOUDHW%2FYGMMQaJ6Gdm9KHtkyXXbqYRa8ErD8rh8AxRzG9q8%2B2ZsnN7sHLo3AwvAcKDq4J7crAfXdDcD2MJHQKqvjc%2BUvH%2FZClZdK4XMMvO18wGOrIB9vHzov7JWvySryjguCJT2m3gA3pC9L7RJwyVWH9LRkeSRsEW0nAcZ1f2pS3ksfS8GO3bhtst7l%2FUpl%2FVTAoziUv00dloAigEm%2BYMQYMy5%2BE81reGtiNR0G1%2F1CJtgevsN7kpd5QTA79wuNm6iEu3Wx7LCmO0woHW2FGKVnpxcGg14VicNdMQjC2jc%2BZaK9aVwH9sKzKbC1loEGp3vr4FBHl6DJu%2FAr6nN0NN%2BGGmYmEs7A%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=4618ab8c7830384e155d680f6c1830fcc95ed93ac6dbd8b5d1a54a6dd3a69eeb&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 3
![Comparison of amount of ondansetron [first line rescue antiemetic drug] used between group A [ondansetron] and group B [palonosetron] [0,1,2,3 on x-axis denotes the number of times rescue antiemetic drug administered during a time interval in post-operativ.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6473643f4e662f30ba53c562/j_rjaic-2022-0005_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKOU4VLE2J%2F20260218%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260218T222624Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEKD%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJGMEQCIElm37I2edoD4q5bPpRaf%2FLndxDpdyCuUIxxyAvpzI4HAiBKCGlYkMaeNke%2FhDWDqk56OHYz%2BYm91oIIj9tUlW%2FNEyq9BQhqEAIaDDk2MzEzNDI4OTk0MCIMj%2Fy%2BxVXPYparhtwQKpoFL447FvGREmXCz18nDaDMCBQisAWsFC2r3Qnj9zQoKFeQPnBlZkvEoFEkUSqjh8BsFufHCCHLQqZoihCMA1KSqkZ%2F5WlDBL2WceHXdsG2QYMVZyQQeIt25XtJOKf1c1YXtm6RRKFH%2BoJ%2FQhXjyUdXtyL3%2FiygrvRyQ02i3R3Fsv2fzcB8MHZAW5Fvn9eMPgEOKIvOfInPZC%2BOwA%2FKRbnb07ks4cQeEikCoDE%2FlGBh3XfqAGaFxVhn3GMkYFHuEQl%2F2LBXpInC24ukcgmfdJwK4M3X4R5EIKVWauT%2BReXrTg4xSggJy1juhidM%2FHaHH5repoIIrbQuy8yGuIomE%2B%2F6663tFICBEVV708K%2FDZRDDo32EK4tKsEWxPVBPzhcqD5zZZ8ROf3u1APTDUgKTutUoIXMp7KItOaxT%2FCfJqlSl8n40je0ZrsPbqBrN80qf1I9YmMgT4fC2%2FprVZ8tm1iSsFLgRY%2FrFo5aCQlrviS7BI9mH%2FnAQqx7VGDtu1VRTd3avlLZceKmzWuVdTV9pApUSvsOnR5aM15v3kcH4BFFIm%2Be4ddGi8kdItCdZovnbY4J%2BzOxafj3jPOvF8gKdRiumMqSvEkMguRZdbcq29mRuYyPGE1loVNgKn09lAE%2BRiF%2BCMmcUYNg0FpYzD3bG6U%2B6J9ygLcj42f1wbaJSSuxhvjd%2BA8R09eJOIGKor4UdGisBngToDzru5gWCzMORM9YVzFgLIHYyc9ltCwEQ6AicZ5BQCbIvnVd%2FB%2BoaFgpm6wM%2BGsf%2FZrWX64P9Y%2BOPddOUDHW%2FYGMMQaJ6Gdm9KHtkyXXbqYRa8ErD8rh8AxRzG9q8%2B2ZsnN7sHLo3AwvAcKDq4J7crAfXdDcD2MJHQKqvjc%2BUvH%2FZClZdK4XMMvO18wGOrIB9vHzov7JWvySryjguCJT2m3gA3pC9L7RJwyVWH9LRkeSRsEW0nAcZ1f2pS3ksfS8GO3bhtst7l%2FUpl%2FVTAoziUv00dloAigEm%2BYMQYMy5%2BE81reGtiNR0G1%2F1CJtgevsN7kpd5QTA79wuNm6iEu3Wx7LCmO0woHW2FGKVnpxcGg14VicNdMQjC2jc%2BZaK9aVwH9sKzKbC1loEGp3vr4FBHl6DJu%2FAr6nN0NN%2BGGmYmEs7A%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=841fa83de99ac900b375411b2344b977d5a2415548a1b204082a852713021d48&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Patient characteristics and duration of anaesthesia_
| Group A [n=65] | Group B [n=65] | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age [years] | 37.40 ± 9.59 | 39.51 ± 8.67 | 0.191 |
| Weight [kg] | 64.90 ± 11.10 | 65.10 ± 8.53 | 0.909 |
| ASA grade [I/II] | 32/33 [49.2%/50.8%] | 39/26 [60%/40%] | 0.218 |
| Duration of anaesthesia [min] | 150.85 ± 57.42 | 145.08 ± 36.23 | 0.495 |
| Morphine requirement in PACU [Number of patient/%] | 20 [30.76] | 16 [24.61] | 0.435 |
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) score_
| Overall PONV score | Group A [n=65] Frequency [%] | Group B [n=65] Frequency [%] | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–2 h | 0 | 51 [78] | 48 [74] | 0.218 |
| 1 | 7 [11] | 14 [21] | ||
| 2 | 2 [3] | 0 [0] | ||
| 3 | 5 [8] | 3 [5] | ||
| 2–24 h | 0 | 26 [40] | 41 [63] | 0.023* |
| 1 | 22 [34] | 16 [25] | ||
| 2 | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | ||
| 3 | 17 [26] | 8 [12] | ||
| 24–48 h | 0 | 58 [89] | 57 [88] | 0.177 |
| 1 | 6 [9] | 8 [12] | ||
| 2 | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | ||
| 3 | 1 [2] | 0 [0] | ||
Scoring system used for assessing postoperative nausea, vomiting, and PONV_
| Score | Postoperative nausea score | Postoperative vomiting score | PONV score |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | None | None | No nausea /vomiting /retching /no rescue antiemetic required |
| 1 | Mild, intermittent nausea | One vomit only | Nausea |
| 2 | Constant, moderate nausea | Several vomits | Retching |
| 3 | Severe nausea | Repeated retching/vomiting | Vomiting |
Postoperative nausea score
| Overall nausea score | Group A [n=65] Frequency [%] | Group B [n=65] Frequency [%] | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–2 h | 0 | 51 [78.4] | 50 [77] | 0.101 |
| 1 | 7 [10.8] | 13 [20] | ||
| 2 | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | ||
| 3 | 7 [10.8] | 2 [3] | ||
| 2–24 h | 0 | 26 [40] | 43 [66] | 0.010* |
| 1 | 24 [37] | 15 [23] | ||
| 2 | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | ||
| 3 | 15 [23] | 7 [11] | ||
| 24–48 h | 0 | 58 [89] | 56 [86] | 0.593 |
| 1 | 7 [11] | 9 [14] | ||
| 2 | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | ||
| 3 | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | ||
Amount of ondansetron [first line rescue antiemetic drug] used_
| Amount of ondansetron [no. of doses] | Group A [n=65] Frequency [%] | Group B [n=65] Frequency [%] | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–2 h | 0 | 51 [79] | 50 [77] | 0.833 |
| 1 | 14 [21] | 15 [23] | ||
| 2–24 h | 0 | 29 [44] | 45 [69] | 0.012 |
| 1 | 24 [37] | 15 [23] | ||
| 2 | 7 [11] | 5 [8] | ||
| 3 | 5 [8] | 0 [0] | ||
| 24–48 h | 0 | 56 [86] | 62 [95] | 0.102 |
| 1 | 6 [9] | 1 [2] | ||
| 2 | 1 [2] | 2 [3] | ||
| 3 | 2 [3] | 0 [0] |
Postoperative vomiting score_
| Overall vomiting score | Group A [n=65] Frequency [%] | Group B [n=65] Frequency [%] | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–2 h | 0 | 59 [91] | 61 [95] | 0.061 |
| 1 | 6 [9] | 1 [2] | ||
| 2 | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | ||
| 3 | 0 [0] | 2 [3] | ||
| 2–24 h | 0 | 48 [74] | 56 [86] | 0.173 |
| 1 | 11 [17] | 7 [11] | ||
| 2 | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | ||
| 3 | 6 [9] | 2 [3] | ||
| 24–48 h | 0 | 64 [98.5] | 65 [100] | 1.000 |
| 1 | 1 [1.5] | 0 [0] | ||
| 2 | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | ||
| 3 | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | ||
Incidence of adverse events_
| Adverse effects | Group A Frequency [%] | Group B Frequency [%] | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Headache | 10 [15] | 8 [12] | 0.800 |
| Dizziness | 4 [6] | 8 [12] | 0.364 |
| Drowsiness | 14 [22] | 17 [26] | 0.537 |
| Constipation | 4 [6] | 14 [22] | 0.020 |
| Allergic reaction | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | - |
| ECG changes | 0 [0] | 0 [0] |