Demographic profile
| Variables | Pneumothorax (N=18) | No Pneumothorax (N=34) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (M/F) | 15/3 | 21/13 | 0.109* |
| Age (Mean ± SD) | 46.4 ± 13.5 | 53 ± 16.3 | 0.148¥ |
| Diabetes | 6 (33.3%) | 10 (29.4%) | 0.771* |
| Hypertension | 6 (33.3%) | 17 (50.0%) | 0.250* |
| COPD | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.9%) | 1.000¶ |
| Asthma | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (5.9%) | 0.539¶ |
| Time of onset in days (Mean ± SD) | 10.6 ± 11.0 | 5.2 ± 3.4 | 0.010# |
| CT severity score (Mean ± SD) | 19.9 ± 3.5 | 19.0 ± 4.3 | 0.536¥ |
| Invasive ventilation | 4/18 | 2/34 | 0.166¶ |
| PS | 20.9 ± 2.8 | 18.3 ± 3.2 | 0.022¥ |
| PEEP | 9.7 ± 2.4 | 10.0 ± 2.1 | 0.623¥ |
| FiO2 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.633¥ |
| Duration of Ps support in days | 16.4 ± 10.7 | 18.1 ± 10.5 | 0.648¥ |
| Management: Chest pain/Conservative | 9/9 | 1/33 | <0.001¶ |
Various laboratory variables in both the groups at designated time intervals_
| Variables | Time of Collection | Pneumothorax | No Pneumothorax | Unpaired t-test p-value | Paired t-test p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Change from day of admission p-value Pneumothorax group SD | Unpaired t-test p-value Change from day of admission p-value Non-Pneumothorax group | |||
| HB | Day of Admission | 12.9 | 2.5 | 12.6 | 1.6 | 0.607 | - | - |
| 7 – 10 days | 13.0 | 1.6 | 12.5 | 1.9 | 0.385 | 0.042 | <0.001 | |
| 15 – 20 days | 12.5 | 2.8 | 12.5 | 1.8 | 0.946 | 0.152 | <0.001 | |
| Day of Discharge | 12.0 | 2.5 | 11.8 | 1.9 | 0.837 | 0.044 | <0.001 | |
| TLC | Day of Admission | 10537.7 | 4412.4 | 10168.7 | 4402.5 | 0.801 | - | - |
| 7 – 10 days | 11724.7 | 5021.2 | 11889.7 | 4310.0 | 0.910 | 0.002 | 0.040 | |
| 15 – 20 days | 13358.3 | 8943.1 | 13704.8 | 5429.1 | 0.890 | 0.943 | 0.578 | |
| Day of Discharge | 13642.9 | 6048.9 | 10803.6 | 4685.8 | 0.185 | 0.947 | 0.427 | |
| PLATELET COUNT | Day of Admission | 2.27 | 0.84 | 2.55 | 0.92 | 0.342 | - | - |
| 7 – 10 days | 2.55 | 0.78 | 3.03 | 1.11 | 0.144 | 0.388 | 0.013 | |
| 15 – 20 days | 2.49 | 1.33 | 2.64 | 1.10 | 0.721 | 0.928 | 0.508 | |
| Day of Discharge | 2.52 | 0.91 | 2.56 | 0.95 | 0.916 | 0.777 | 0.730 | |
| ALBUMIN | Day of Admission | 3.4 | 0.3 | 3.4 | 0.4 | 0.789 | - | - |
| 7 – 10 days | 3.4 | 0.3 | 3.3 | 0.4 | 0.561 | 0.367 | 0.327 | |
| 15 – 20 days | 2.9 | 0.7 | 3.3 | 0.4 | 0.130 | 0.064 | 0.267 | |
| Day of Discharge | 3.1 | 1.0 | 3.3 | 0.6 | 0.601 | 0.343 | 0.302 | |
| PH | Day of Admission | 7.39 | 0.06 | 7.37 | 0.07 | 0.314 | - | - |
| 7 – 10 days | 7.40 | 0.12 | 7.40 | 0.05 | 0.913 | 0.864 | 0.050 | |
| 15 – 20 days | 7.40 | 0.09 | 7.41 | 0.05 | 0.913 | 0.931 | 0.057 | |
| Day of Discharge | 7.40 | 0.11 | 7.39 | 0.06 | 0.655 | 0.820 | 0.013 | |
| PCO2 | Day of Admission | 32.5 | 7.5 | 33.9 | 9.9 | 0.651 | - | - |
| 7 – 10 days | 39.1 | 14.5 | 34.5 | 7.9 | 0.184 | 0.217 | 0.736 | |
| 15 – 20 days | 43.1 | 14.8 | 36.4 | 11.7 | 0.157 | 0.081 | 0.950 | |
| Day of Discharge | 45.5 | 16.9 | 36.6 | 7.9 | 0.041 | 0.020 | 0.874 | |
| PO2 | Day of Admission | 79.7 | 37.3 | 74.3 | 27.5 | 0.610 | - | - |
| 7 – 10 days | 72.5 | 41.3 | 81.7 | 25.9 | 0.374 | 0.285 | 0.262 | |
| 15 – 20 days | 90.8 | 30.5 | 92.3 | 39.7 | 0.911 | 0.851 | 0.201 | |
| Day of Discharge | 64.2 | 24.0 | 93.1 | 34.9 | 0.035 | 0.110 | 0.059 | |
| HCO3 | Day of Admission | 20.8 | 4.8 | 21.9 | 3.6 | 0.434 | - | - |
| 7 – 10 days | 22.6 | 3.9 | 23.3 | 2.9 | 0.514 | 0.107 | 0.130 | |
| 15 – 20 days | 25.0 | 2.3 | 24.8 | 4.1 | 0.865 | 0.050 | 0.010 | |
| Day of Discharge | 28.3 | 7.6 | 24.3 | 4.4 | 0.073 | 0.009 | 0.052 | |
Kaplan Meier survival analysis reflecting the median survival time among pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum patients_
| Median survival time among Pneumothorax patients | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate | Standard Error | 95% Confidence Interval | |
| Lower Bound | Upper Bound | ||
| 7.0 days | 0.707 | 5.614 | 8.386 |
Number of patients being administered oxygen therapy through various routes in both the groups_
| Route of oxygenation | Pneumothorax | No Pneumothorax | Chi-square test P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | Column N % | Count | Column N % | ||
| BiPAP | 0 | 0.0% | 9 | 26.5% | 0.005 |
| CPAP | 13 | 72.2% | 15 | 44.1% | |
| HFM | 0 | 0.0% | 7 | 20.6% | |
| MV | 4 | 22.2% | 1 | 2.9% | |
| NONE | 1 | 5.6% | 2 | 5.9% | |
| Total | 18 | 100.0% | 34 | 100.0% | |
Laboratory values of inflammatory markers in both the groups at designated time intervals_
| Variables | Time of Collection | Pneumothorax | No Pneumothorax | Mann–Whitney U test p-value | Wilcoxon signed rank test p-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | Q1 | Q3 | Median | Q1 | Q3 | Change from day of admission p-value Pneumothorax group | Change from day of admission p-value Non-Pneumothorax group | |||
| IL 6 | Day of Admission | 41.1 | 27.8 | 63.3 | 12.6 | 3.7 | 59.6 | 0.147 | - | - |
| 7 – 10 days | 64.30 | 28.40 | 230.20 | 14.90 | 3.27 | 33.90 | 0.078 | 0.593 | 0.959 | |
| 15 – 20 days | 15.8 | 2.5 | 80.0 | 10.6 | 6.5 | 12.8 | 0.475 | 0.593 | 0.484 | |
| Day of Discharge | 15.0 | 13.8 | 30.4 | 9.7 | 3.6 | 85.7 | 0.898 | 0.655 | 0.889 | |
| FERRITIN | Day of Admission | 1425.0 | 805.9 | 1650.0 | 916.5 | 462.0 | 1480.0 | 0.263 | - | - |
| 7 – 10 days | 1101.8 | 1101.8 | 1101.8 | 482.0 | 243.0 | 1141.0 | 0.800 | 0.317 | 0.109 | |
| 15 – 20 days | 1650.0 | 815.0 | 1650.0 | 1002.9 | 430.0 | 1321.0 | 0.202 | 0.317 | 0.285 | |
| Day of Discharge | 579.0 | 181.9 | 1226.5 | 416.5 | 144.6 | 1121.0 | 0.886 | 0.180 | 0.317 | |
| D DIMER | Day of Admission | 897.0 | 131.0 | 1012.0 | 310.0 | 143.0 | 488.0 | 0.319 | - | - |
| 7 – 10 days | 543.0 | 368.0 | 5000.0 | 321.5 | 152.9 | 359.0 | 0.114 | 0.655 | 0.144 | |
| 15 – 20 days | 374.5 | 299.0 | 808.0 | 354.5 | 217.0 | 1285.0 | 1.000 | 0.180 | 0.866 | |
| Day of Discharge | 87.9 | 48.9 | 282.0 | 565.0 | 414.2 | 904.5 | 0.114 | 0.109 | 0.593 | |
| CRP | Day of Admission | 79.0 | 18.0 | 101.0 | 40.0 | 11.0 | 61.8 | 0.062 | - | - |
| 7 – 10 days | 55.5 | 31.6 | 66.8 | 60.4 | 32.6 | 126.1 | 0.596 | 0.273 | 0.064 | |
| 15 – 20 days | 13.0 | 8.2 | 14.0 | 19.0 | 5.0 | 24.4 | 0.661 | 0.655 | 0.508 | |
| Day of Discharge | 35.7 | 12.3 | 60.7 | 20.2 | 1.5 | 68.1 | 0.951 | 1.000 | 0.445 | |
| PCT | Day of Admission | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.237 | - | - |
| 7 – 10 days | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.727 | 0.180 | 0.893 | |
| 15 – 20 days | 7.2 | 0.0 | 13.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.381 | 0.317 | 0.786 | |
| Day of Discharge | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.154 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |
Comparison of mortality between the groups_
| Mortality | Pneumothorax | No Pneumothorax | Chi-square test P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | Column N % | Count | Column N % | ||
| Dead | 13 | 72.2% | 9 | 26.5% | 0.001 RELATIVE |
| Alive | 5 | 27.8% | 25 | 73.5% | RISK = 2.73 (95% C.I. 1.45–5.12) |
| Total | 18 | 100.0% | 34 | 100.0% | |