Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Outcome tabulation of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of biomarkers_
| Parameters, cut-off | AUC (95% CI) | Sensitivity, % | Specificity, % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prediction of Survival | |||
| Serum CRP, 40mg/L | 0.933 (0.879-0.987) | 93.3 | 88.9 |
| IL6, 32.5 pg/ml | 0.821 (0.739-0.902) | 82.2 | 70.4 |
| NLR, 8.5 | 0.749 (0.648-0.851) | 75.6 | 75.9 |
| D-DIMER, 810 ng/ml | 0.8 (0.711-0.889) | 82.2 | 75.9 |
| PFR, 106 | 0.886 (0.790-0.942) | 88.9 | 80 |
| Prediction of need for mechanical ventilatory support (NIV or IV) | |||
| Serum CRP, 40mg/L | 0.956 (0.915-0.996) | 76.7 | 94.9 |
| IL6, 32.5 pg/ml | 0.843 (0.765-0.921) | 73.3 | 76.9 |
| NLR, 8.5 | 0.797 (0.695-0.899) | 70 | 87.2 |
| D-DIMER, 810 ng/ml | 0.816 (0.726-0.905) | 71.7 | 82.1 |
| PFR, 106 | 0.840 (0.758-0.922) | 94.9 | 66.7 |
| Prediction of need for invasive mechanical ventilation | |||
| Serum CRP, 40mg/L | 0.895 (0.832-0.958) | 91.9 | 77.4 |
| IL6, 32.5 pg/ml | 0.797 (0.709-0.884) | 83.8 | 64.5 |
| NLR, 8.5 | 0.768 (0.672-0.863) | 78.4 | 71 |
| D-DIMER, 810 ng/ml | 0.773 (0.676-0.870) | 81.1 | 67.7 |
| PFR, 106 | 0.790 (0.696-0.885) | 80.6 | 81.1 |
Clinico-demographics and laboratory parameters compared across survival groups_
| Clinical & Demographic Characteristics | Total (N=99) | Expired (N=45) | Recovered (N=54) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AGE (yrs) | 57 (45.0-65.0) | 57 (45.0-65.0) | 54 (45.0-65.5) | 0.898 |
| ≥60 YEARS, (N,%) | 46, 46.5 | 22, 48.9 | 24, 44.4 | 0.659 |
| MALES, (N,%) | 62, 62.6 | 33, 73.3 | 29, 53.7 | 0.044 |
| FEMALES, (N,%) | 37, 37.4 | 12, 26.7 | 25, 46.7 | |
| HYPERTENSION, (N,%) | 48, 48.5 | 22, 48.9 | 26, 48.1 | 0.941 |
| TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS, (N,%) | 44, 44.4 | 25, 55.6 | 19, 35.2 | 0.042 |
| CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE, (N,%) | 15, 15.2 | 8, 17.8 | 7, 13 | 0.506 |
| CORONARY HEART DISEASE, (N,%) | 13, 13.1 | 9, 20 | 4, 7.4 | 0.065 |
| ANEMIA, (N,%) | 24, 24.2 | 10, 22.2 | 14, 25.9 | 0.669 |
| Arterial oxygenation and biomarkers | ||||
| SERUM FERRITIN, ng/ml | 352 (184-674) | 449 (225-852) | 277.5 (123.7-484.7) | 0.004 |
| SERUM LDH, U/L | 544 (340-724) | 679 (458-865) | 418 (275.7-591.7) | 0.001 |
| Serum CRP, mg/L | 37 (12-88) | 88 (68-106) | 12.5 (8-23.2) | <0.001 |
| IL6, pg/ml | 38 (11-121) | 88 (42-245.5) | 14 (2-43.2) | <0.001 |
| NLR | 8 (5-15) | 14 (8.5-17) | 5.5 (4-8.2) | <0.001 |
| D-DIMER, ng/ml | 845 (340-2100) | 1447 (937-4609) | 426.5 (254.5-817.7) | <0.001 |
| PFR | 118 (80-220) | 80 (70-102.5) | 192 (122.5-281.5) | <0.001 |
Clinico-demographics and laboratory parameters compared across groups of escalating ventilatory support_
| Parameters | NO MVS (N=39) | MVS (NIV + IV)(N=60) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NIV (N=23) | IV (N=37) | |||
| AGE (yrs) | 59 (43-67) | 57 (50-65) | 54 (44-65) | 0.895 |
| MALES, (N,%) | 19, 48.7 | 16, 69.6 | 27, 73 | 0.068 |
| 43, 71.6 | 0.021 | |||
| HYPERTENSION, (N,%) | 17, 43.6 | 15, 65.2 | 16, 43.2 | 0.186 |
| TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS, (N,%) | 12, 30.8 | 14, 60.9 | 18, 48.6 | 0.057 |
| 32, 53.3 | 0.027 | |||
| CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE, (N,%) | 5, 12.8 | 5, 21.7 | 5, 13.5 | 0.601 |
| CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE, (N,%) | 3, 7.7 | 1, 4.3 | 9, 24.3 | 0.051 |
| 4, 6.4 | 0.015 | |||
| ANEMIA, (N,%) | 13, 33.3 | 3, 13 | 8, 21.6 | 0.177 |
| SERUM FERRITIN, ng/ml | 273 (112-421) | 394 (165-663) | 464 (233-940) | 0.001 |
| SERUM LDH, U/L | 356 (254-551) | 550 (330-689) | 679 (446-893) | 0.001 |
| Serum CRP, mg/L | 11 (7-14) | 56 (23-77) | 92 (71.5-114) | <0.001 |
| IL6, pg/ml | 10 (2-32) | 45 (14-152) | 90 (44.5-245.5) | 0.028 |
| NLR | 5 (4-7) | 9 (6.5-16) | 15 (9.5-17.5) | 0.001 |
| D-DIMER, ng/ml | 339 (224-670) | 946 (524-1560) | 1953 (937-5000) | <0.001 |
| PFR | 214 (146-298) | 110 (72-160) | 82 (72-102.5) | <0.001 |