Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Types of surgeries_
| Type of surgery | Number of patients |
|---|---|
| CABG | 259 (36.48%) |
| One valve | 251 (35.35%) |
| Two or more valves | 67 (9.44%) |
| Valve(s) and CABG | 60 (8.45%) |
| Surgery on aorta | 46 (6.48%) |
| Other | 27 (3.8%) |
Demographic characteristics and outcomes of the whole cohort, anaemic and non-anaemic patients_
| Variables | Whole cohort (n = 710) | Hb <13 g/dl (n = 288, 40.5%) | Hb ≥13 g/dl (n = 422, 59.4%) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 64 (58–69) | 66 (59–71) | 63 (57–68) | <0.001 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 469 (66%) | 148 (51.4%) | 321 (76.0%) | <0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease (eGFR <60 ml/min) | 58 (8.1%) | 29 (10%) | 29 (6.8%) | 0.058 |
| Hb at hospital admission | 13.3 (12.3–14.4) | 12 (11.2–12.6) | 14.3 (13.5–14.9) | <0.001 |
| Hb preoperative | 13.3 (12.2–14.4) | 12 (11.2–12.5) | 14.2 (13.5–14.8) | <0.001 |
| Hb postoperative | 9.9 (8.9–10.8) | 9.3 (8.5–10.1) | 10.4 (9.4–11.3) | <0.001 |
| Hb at discharge | 9.7 (9–10.6) | 9.4 (8.8–10) | 10.1 (9.2–10.8) | <0.001 |
| Duration of surgery (min) | 270 (220–333) | 275 (220–347) | 270 (220–330) | 0.798 |
| Hospital LOS (days) | 13 (10–17) | 14 (10–17) | 13 (10–16) | 0.826 |
| ICU LOS (days) | 2 (2–4) | 2 (2–4) | 2 (2–4) | 0.181 |
| Postoperative bleeding- 24 h (ml) | 375 (275–550) | 375 (275–550) | 375 (275–550) | 0.325 |
| Surgical re-exploration, n (%) | 45 (6.3%) | 23 (8%) | 22 (5.2%) | 0.136 |
| Hospital death, n (%) | 23 (3.2%) | 13 (4.5%) | 10 (2.4%) | 0.113 |
| PRBC transfusion, n (%) | 369 (52%) | 206 (71.5%) | 163 (38.6%) | <0.001 |
| Total PRBC transfusion, (n) | 1 (0–2) | 2 (0–3) | 0 (0–1) | <0.001 |
| Preoperative PRBC transfusion | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Intraoperative transfusion | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–2) | 0 (0–1) | <0.001 |
| Postoperative transfusion | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–0) | <0.001 |
| ROTEM use, n (%) | 123 (17.3%) | 58 (20.1%) | 65 (15.4%) | 0.102 |
| Cell saver, n (%) | 7 (1%) | 4 (1.4%) | 3 (0.7%) | 0.450 |
| Patients receiving FFP transfusion, n (%) | 184 (25.9%) | 93 (32.3%) | 91 (21.6%) | 0.001 |
| FFP units per patient, n | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–0) | 0.001 |
| Patients receiving PLT transfusion, n (%) | 66 (9.3%) | 31 (10.8%) | 35 (8.3%) | 0.266 |
Univariate and multivariate analyses of the association between perioperative variables and transfusion risk_
| Variables | Univariate | Multivariate | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |
| Age | 1.038 (1.023–1.053) | <0.001 | 1.024 (1.0008–1.049) | 0.043 |
| Female sex | 3.249 (2.331–4.528) | <0.001 | 3.224 (1.648–6.306) | 0.014 |
| Hospital LOS | 1.039 (1.014–1.064) | 0.002 | 1.093 (1.037–1.151) | <0.001 |
| ICU LOS | 1.068 (1.013–1.127) | 0.015 | 1.029 (0.93–1.138) | 0.579 |
| CKD (eGFR <60 ml/min) | 2.104 (1.013–1.127) | 0.011 | 1.051 (0.365–3.027) | |
| Surgery time (h) | 1.127 (1.012–1.256) | 0.003 | 0.949 (0.827–1.088) | 0.440 |
| Hospital death | 10.228 (2.38–43.959) | 0.002 | Not included in the model | |
| Preoperative Hb <13 g/dl | 3.992 (2.892–5.510) | <0.001 | 3.462 (1.766–6.787) | <0.001 |
| Hb1 | 0.559 (0.496–0.630) | <0.001 | Not included in the model | |
| Hb2 | 0.594 (0.530–0.685) | <0.001 | Not included in the model | |
| Hb3 | 0.567 (0.500–0.642) | <0.001 | 0.564 (0.434–0.732) | <0.001 |
| Hb4 | 0.785 (0.691–0.891) | <0.001 | Not included in the model | |
| Postop bleeding ≥500 ml | 2.592 (1.754–3.833) | <0.001 | 2.295 (1.044–5.045) | 0.039 |
| Surgical re-exploration | 3.469 (1.690–7.119)) | 0.001 | 1.132 (0.195–6.580) | 0.687 |
| ROTEM use | 4.090 (2.590–6.457) | <0.001 | 1.568 (0.723–3.401) | 0.255 |
| FFP use | 7.083 (4.639–10.816) | <0.001 | 5.110 (1.997–13.071) | <0.001 |
| PLT use | 0.169 (0.085–0.335) | <0.001 | 1.690 (0.360–7.928) | 0.276 |