Figure 1
CONSORT Flow Diagram
Table 1
Demographic profile and surgery variables
| Group C (n=35) | Group D (n=35) | Group M (n=35) | P valve | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years (Mean ± SD) | 4.08 ±1.74 | 4.23±1.76 | 4.06±1.50 | 0.89# |
| Gender(M:F) | 29:6 | 30:5 | 32:3 | 0.56* |
| ASA I:II | 31:4 | 32:3 | 30:5 | 0.75* |
| Weight(kg) (Mean ± SD) | 16.11 ± 6.67 | 16.50 ± 6.71 | 15.02 ± 4.85 | 0.58# |
| Type of Surgery | ||||
| Inguinal hernia | 15 | 14 | 21 | |
| Hypospadiasis | 12 | 13 | 14 | |
| Anal warts | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Undescended testes | 2 | 2 | 0 | |
| Subumbilical lump | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Urethral stricture | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Syndactyl digit | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Hydrocele | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
| #/lipoma thigh | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Facitis thigh | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| phimosis | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
| DoA(min) Mean ± SD) | 97.42± 33.52 | 107.85± 42.98 | 95.80± 35.60 | 0.35# |
| DoS(min) (Mean ± SD) | 80.71± 30.65 | 90.00± 41.08 | 76.71± 31.59 | 0.26# |
Table 2
Child parent separation score (CPSS) among groups
| CPSS Grade | Group C (n=35) | Group D (n=35) | Group M (n=35) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1-patient unafraid, cooperative and asleep | 15(42.9%) | 13(37.1%) | 10(28.6%) |
| 2- slight fear or crying, quiet with reassurance | 13(37.1%) | 21(60%) | 17(48.6%) |
| 3- moderate fear, crying, not quiet with reassurance | 3(8.6%) | 1(2.9%) | 5(14.3%) |
| 4crying, need restraint | 4(11.4%) | 0(0.0%) | 3(3.8%) |
Table 3
Paediatric Anaesthesia Behaviour Score (PABS) among group
| PABS | Group C (n=35) | Group D (n=35) | Group M (n=35) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1: Calm, controlled, compliant with induction | 18 | 24 | 10 |
| 2: tearful, withdrawn but compliant with induction | 14 | 11 | 20 |
| 3: loud vocal resistance/physical resistance to induction, requires physical restraint | 3 | 0 | 5 |
Table 4
Dosage of Propofol
Figure 2
Heart rate at different time intervals among the groups
Figure 3
Mean blood pressure at different time intervals
Figure 4
Objective Pain Scale in postoperative period. (OPS scale parameters- arterial pressure, tears, movements, behaviour, verbal or bodily expression, each has score 0,1,2. OPS score is sum of scores of all 5 parameters. Arterial pressure, 0: 10% increase from preoperative value, 1:>20% of preoperative value, 2: >30-% of preoperative value. Tears 0: absent, 1: present but consolable, 2: present and unconsolable. Movements 0: absent, 1: moderate agitation, 2: intense agitation. Behaviour 0: calm/sleeping, 1: grimacing but can be calmed, 2: frightened cannot be calmed. Verbal or bodily expression 0: calm/sleeping, 1: moderate no localised pain, 2: localised pain expressed verbally or by pointing fingers)