Abstract
Three-dimensional modelling of buildings requires reliable data sources and sophisticated tools capable of delivering exhaustive models that can facilitate property management. The authors devised a methodology for 3D building modelling using only open-access geospatial databases like Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) scanning, map and photogrammetry resources, and the relevant publicly available land and topography databases. The models integrate building geometry and detailed object information, which makes them versatile tools for property valuation, management, and structural health monitoring. The study brings together Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tools that can integrate spatial data and build precise models with details of critical parts of buildings, such as roofs, walls, window and door openings, balconies, terraces, hard infrastructure, and other structural and fit-out components. The methodology’s performance and versatility were verified on single-family residential buildings in Kraków (Poland). The results have confirmed that the constructive collaboration of open-access geospatial data, GIS, and BIM yields high-grade 3D models for structural health monitoring, action planning, and building life cycle management. This approach leads to effective property (resources) management and streamlines planning and taking actions over the life cycle.