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Stereophotogrammetry for 2-D building deformation monitoring using Kalman Filter Cover

Stereophotogrammetry for 2-D building deformation monitoring using Kalman Filter

Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics
Volume 110 (2020): Issue 1 (December 2020)
By: ,  ,  ,   and    
Open Access
|Aug 2020
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Study area location

Table 1

Materials used for the study

MaterialData TypeCollection methodAccuracy
Coordinates of Ground control points (GCPs)Primary dataField survey1:3000
Coordinates of photo control points (PCPs)Primary dataOverlapping photographs±0.0001 m
Digital cameraPrimary dataPerspective projection—
Figure 2

Description of traverse from known stations to selected GCPs

Figure 3

Illustrative view of data acquisition

Table 2

Accuracy of initial traverse for determination of the coordinates of GCPs

ParameterObtainedRemarks
Misclosure in Easting0.005 mAcceptable
Misclosure in Northing−0.045 mAcceptable
Linear Accuracy1:3000Acceptable
Table 3

Parameters of Polynomial Transformation

Easting CoordinateHeight Coordinate
ParameterValueParameterValue
C0220124.628D0243.094
C1−0.04D1−0.000251
C2−0.07D2−0.016352
C30.00008206D30.00000012
Table 4

Observed and photo-generated coordinates for all three observation epochs

PointGround MeasurementPhoto Generated Epoch 1Photo Generated Epoch 2Photo Generated Epoch 3
Easting [m]Height [m]Easting [m]Height [m]Easting [m]Height [m]Easting [m]Height [m]
A220115.351235.907220115.111236.033220115.863235.960220115.199236.084
B220079.639236.513220079.622236.454220079.655236.513220079.123236.743
C220018.515236.567220018.542236.552220018.832236.780220017.728236.214
D219989.901236.071219989.825236.067219989.195236.373219990.067236.079
Table 5

Results of space resection and ground measurement in the first epoch given in metres

PointGround MeasurementPhoto GeneratedResiduals
EastingHeightEastingHeightEastingHeight
A220115.351235.907220115.111236.0330.240−0.126
B220079.639236.513220079.622236.4540.0170.059
C220018.515236.567220018.542236.552−0.0270.015
D219989.901236.071219989.825236.0670.0760.004
Table 6

Results of space resection and ground measurement in the second epoch given in metres

PointGround MeasurementPhoto GeneratedResiduals
EastingHeightEastingHeightEastingHeight
A220115.351235.907220115.863235.960−0.512−0.053
B220079.639236.513220079.655236.513−0.0160.000
C220018.515236.567220018.832236.780−0.317−0.213
D219989.901236.071219989.195236.3730.706−0.302
Table 7

Results of space resection and ground measurement in the third epoch given in metres

PointGround MeasurementPhoto GeneratedResiduals
EastingHeightEastingHeightEastingHeight
A220115.351235.907220115.199236.084−0.1520.177
B220079.639236.513220079.123236.743−0.5160.23
C220018.515236.567220017.728236.214−0.787−0.353
D219989.901236.071219990.067236.0790.1660.008
Table 8

Results of Kalman filter analysis

Initial State VectorNext State VectorFinal State Vector
X220115.111220115.863220116.199
Z236.033235.96236.084
Vx0.00000019840.00000042330.0000011648
Vz0.00000010420.00000004380.0000010805
X2220079.622220079.655220079.123
Z2236.454236.513236.743
Vx0.00000001410.00000001320.0000033623
Vz0.00000004880.0000000000000.000001315311
X3220018.542220018.832220017.728
Z3236.552236.78236.214
Vx0.00000002230.00000026210.0000071106
Vz0.00000001240.00000017610.0000011012
X4219989.825219989.195219990.067
Z4236.067236.373236.079
Vx0.00000006280.00000058370.0000004696
Vz0.00000000330.00000024970.0000009152

[i] X, X2, X3, X4 – Easting [m];

[ii] Z, Z2, Z3, Z4 – Height [m];

[iii] Vx – Horizontal velocity [m/epoch], epoch = 2 months;

[iv] Vz – Vertical velocity [m/epoch],

Table 9

Detected horizontal and vertical motions at the epochs

ABCD
Epoch 1Vx [m/epoch]1.984e-71.41e-82.23e-86.28e-8
Vz [m/epoch]1.042e-74.88e-81.24e-83.3e-9
RemarksStableStableStableStable
Epoch 2Vx [m/epoch]4.233e-71.32e-82.621e-75.837e-7
Vz [m/epoch]4.38e-801.761e-72.497e-7
RemarksIns. Mov.StableIns. Mov.Ins. Mov.
Epoch 3Vx [m/epoch]1.1648e-63.3623e-67.1106e-64.696e-7
Vz [m/epoch]1.0805e-61.3153e-61.1012e-69.152e-7
RemarksIns. Mov.Ins. Mov.Ins. Mov.Ins. Mov.

[i] Ins. Mov – insignificant movement

Figure 4

Detected movements at PCP “A”–“D”

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2020-0006 | Journal eISSN: 2391-8152 (formerly 0867-3179) | Journal ISSN: 0867-3179
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Language: English
Page range: 1 - 7
Submitted on: Mar 8, 2020
Accepted on: Jun 26, 2020
Published on: Aug 7, 2020
Published by: Warsaw University of Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year
Keywords:
deformation,
Kalman filter,
stereo-photogrammetry,
MATLAB
Related subjects:
Computer sciences,
Computer sciences, other,
Geosciences,
Geodesy,
Cartography and photogrammetry,
Geosciences, other

© 2020 J. O. Odumosu, O. O. Adeleke, V. C. Nnam, O. J. Avoseh, O. A. Ogundeji, published by Warsaw University of Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 110 (2020): Issue 1 (December 2020)
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