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The role of particle therapy in the treatment of locally recurrent rectal cancer: a systematic review Cover

The role of particle therapy in the treatment of locally recurrent rectal cancer: a systematic review

Open Access
|Sep 2026

Figures & Tables

((carbon[Title/Abstract])
OR (hadron[Title/Abstract])
OR (hadrons[Title/Abstract])
OR (carbon ion beam[Title/Abstract])
OR (carbon ion[Title/Abstract])
OR (proton[Title/Abstract]
OR (protons[Title/Abstract])
OR (proton beam[Title/Abstract])
OR (charged particle[Title/Abstract])
OR (charged particles[Title/Abstract])
OR (particle[Title/Abstract]))
OR((SBRT[Title/Abstract])
OR stereotactic[Title/Abstract])
OR stereotaxy[Title/Abstract]))
OR((radiation[Title/Abstract])
OR radiotherapy[Title/Abstract])
OR
(radiation therapy[Title/Abstract])
OR (reirradiation[Title/Abstract])
OR (irradiation[Title/Abstract])
OR (actinotherapy[Title/Abstract]))
AND
(rectal[Title/Abstract] OR (rectum[Title/Abstract]))
AND
((recurrence[Title/Abstract]) OR (relapse[Title/Abstract]) OR (local recurrence[Title/Abstract]) OR (pelvic recurrence[Title/Abstract]) OR (pelvic relapse[Title/Abstract]) OR (local relapse[Title/Abstract]) OR (locally recurrent[Title/Abstract]) OR (recurrent[Title/Abstract]) OR (pelvis[Title/Abstract]) OR (pelvic[Title/Abstract]) OR (pelvic[Title/Abstract]))

[i] SBRT = stereotactic body radiation therapy

FIGURE 1.

Process of article selection

FIGURE 2.

Patient selection for particle therapy of locally recurrent rectal cancer.

MDT = metastasis-directed treatment; PS = performance status; reRT = reirradiation; RT = radiation therapy; SBRT = stereotactic body radiation therapy

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2026-0036 | Journal eISSN: 1581-3207 | Journal ISSN: 1318-2099
Language: English
Page range: 323 - 331
Submitted on: Nov 25, 2025
Accepted on: May 22, 2026
Published on: Sep 7, 2026
Published by: Association of Radiology and Oncology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2026 Ana Perpar, Petra Georg, Ajra Secerov Ermenc, published by Association of Radiology and Oncology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.