Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Prostate cancer treatment with electrochemotherapy (ECT): safety, efficacy and clinical experience in 144 patients Cover

Prostate cancer treatment with electrochemotherapy (ECT): safety, efficacy and clinical experience in 144 patients

Open Access
|Dec 2025

Figures & Tables

FIGURE 1.

Mean International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) reduction at follow-up with respect to pre-ECT values, during the first 12 months of follow-up and after 12 months of follow-up.
Mean International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) reduction at follow-up with respect to pre-ECT values, during the first 12 months of follow-up and after 12 months of follow-up.

FIGURE 2.

61 years old patient with biopsy-confirmed Gleason 6 multifocal prostate cancer but based on tracer uptake on prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) on MRI, a higher-grade cancer. (A) Gallium-68 PSMA PET CT scan of the prostate before treatment (left) and 3 months after ECT (right). (B) MRI images of the prostate before treatment (left) and approximately 3 months after ECT (right).
61 years old patient with biopsy-confirmed Gleason 6 multifocal prostate cancer but based on tracer uptake on prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) on MRI, a higher-grade cancer. (A) Gallium-68 PSMA PET CT scan of the prostate before treatment (left) and 3 months after ECT (right). (B) MRI images of the prostate before treatment (left) and approximately 3 months after ECT (right).

FIGURE 3.

Progression free survival (PFS) curves for patients according to stage: (A) T1/T2 vs. T3/T4, (B) N0 and M0 vs. N1 or M1, (C) Gleason score, (D) PSA value
Progression free survival (PFS) curves for patients according to stage: (A) T1/T2 vs. T3/T4, (B) N0 and M0 vs. N1 or M1, (C) Gleason score, (D) PSA value

Patient cancer stage and grade

Gleason scoreN%
  6 (3+3) + 7a (3+4)5236%
  7b (4+3)4028%
  8–10 (4+4/5+3/4+5/5+4/5+5)5135%
  Not available (no biopsy)11%
D’Amico risk classification
  Low21%
  Intermediate1813%
  High12486%
StageN%
  T1c64%
  T2a1611%
  T2b32%
  T2c2518%
  T3a3625%
  T3b2618%
  T43222%
  N011177%
  N13323%
  M011278%
  M13222%

Descriptive characteristics of patients included

MeanSt.Dev.MedianMinMax
Age (yrs)688675083
Height (cm)1807180156196
Weight (kg)81118251110
PSA (ng/ml)24.928.515.11.8177.0
Prostate volume (ml)4418406117

Association between short term response and disease specific characteristics

SHORT TERM RESPONSE P value
T StageT1/T2T3/T4
 CR92%66%
 PR5%25%
 SD3%6%
 PD0%3% 0.0190
N-M StageN0 and M0N1 or M1
 CR89%43%
 PR9%40%
 SD1%14%
 PD1%3% < 0.0001
Gleason score6–7a7b8–10
 CR98%68%56%
 PR0%26%32%
 SD0%3%12%
 PD2%3%0%0.0002
PSA level< 10 ng/ml> 10 ng/ml
 CR94%66%
 PR2%26%
 SD2%7%
 PD2%1% 0.0070

Previous treatments

Previous treatments
 No9566%
 Irreversible electroporation (IRE)107%
 Systemic therapy86%
 Radiotherapy/Radioligand54%
 Radical prostatectomy/TURP32%
 High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)21%
 Thermoablation21%
 Multiple1913%

One-year progression free survival in the analysis by subgroups

GROUPS1-year PFSC.I. 95%N at risk at 12 monthsP value
Whole cohort88%80%–97%43
Stage
 T1/T2100%100%15
 T3/T483%71%–95%280.0361
 N0 and M092%84%–100%33
 N1 or M179%61%–98%100.0007
Gleason score
 6–7a96%89%–100%19
 7b83%66%–100%13
 8–1083%66%–100%100.5368
PSA
 < 10 ng/ml95%86%–100%20
 > 10 ng/ml84%72%–96%230.0417
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2025-0061 | Journal eISSN: 1581-3207 | Journal ISSN: 1318-2099
Language: English
Page range: 597 - 606
Submitted on: Sep 23, 2025
Accepted on: Nov 6, 2025
Published on: Dec 16, 2025
Published by: Association of Radiology and Oncology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2025 Mara Stevanovic, Mathias Heringer, Mohammad Hjouj, Alessandro Zanasi, Francesca de Terlizzi, Michael K Stehling, published by Association of Radiology and Oncology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.