Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Patient clinical characteristics at diagnosis and comparison between patients with or without sarcopenia
| Total (n = 167) | Sarcopenia (n = 88) | No sarcopenia (n = 79) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 60 ± 14.15 | 63 ± 14.70 | 56 ± 12.65 | 0.002 |
| Gender, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Males | 98 (59) | 40 (46) | 58 (73) | |
| Females | 69 (41) | 48 (54) | 21 (27) | |
| Height (cm) | 166.63 ± 8.55 | 164.69 ± 8.42 | 168.78 ± 8.23 | 0.002 |
| Weight (kg) | 66.24 ± 11.76 | 61.33 ± 10.61 | 71.71 ± 10.54 | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.79 ± 3.17 | 22.60 ± 3.08 | 25.12 ± 2.74 | < 0.001 |
| CC (cm) | 33.50 ± 3.25 | 32.00 ± 2.69 | 35.18 ± 3.00 | < 0.001 |
| Handgrip strength (kg) | 23.19 ± 10.00 | 18.50 ± 7.51 | 28.41 ± 9.88 | < 0.001 |
| Gait speed (m/s) | 1.02 ± 0.29 | 0.92 ± 0.24 | 1.14 ± 0.29 | < 0.001 |
| SMA (cm2) | 116.71 ± 27.89 | 98.86 ± 18.26 | 136.59 ± 22.89 | < 0.001 |
| SMI (cm2/m2) | 41.63 ± 7.57 | 36.21 ± 4.73 | 47.67 ± 5.17 | < 0.001 |
| Upper arm SFT (cm) | 0.30 ± 0.16 | 0.29 ± 0.14 | 0.32 ± 0.18 | 0.23 |
| BB and brachialis MT (cm) | 2.29 ± 0.46 | 2.02 ± 0.38 | 2.59 ± 0.34 | < 0.001 |
| BB CSA (cm2) | 8.24 ± 2.68 | 6.67 ± 2.11 | 9.99 ± 2.10 | < 0.001 |
| Forearm SFT (cm) | 0.36 ± 0.15 | 0.35 ± 0.17 | 0.37 ± 0.14 | 0.498 |
| UA MT (cm) | 3.55 ± 0.49 | 3.34 ± 0.46 | 3.79 ± 0.41 | < 0.001 |
| RA MT (cm) | 1.63 ± 0.36 | 1.48 ± 0.32 | 1.79 ± 0.33 | < 0.001 |
| Thigh SFT (cm) | 0.78 ± 0.36 | 0.78 ± 0.37 | 0.78 ± 0.35 | 0.989 |
| RF MT (cm) | 1.54 ± 0.33 | 1.36 ± 0.30 | 1.74 ± 0.23 | < 0.001 |
| VI MT (cm) | 1.45 ± 0.41 | 1.22 ± 0.34 | 1.71 ± 0.33 | < 0.001 |
| QF MT (cm) | 2.99 ± 0.70 | 2.58 ± 0.59 | 3.45 ± 0.51 | < 0.001 |
| RF CSA (cm2) | 7.12 ± 1.93 | 6.01 ± 1.56 | 8.36 ± 1.51 | < 0.001 |
| Lower leg SFT (cm) | 0.45 ± 0.19 | 0.45 ± 0.17 | 0.45 ± 0.21 | 0.844 |
| TP MT (cm) | 4.87 ± 0.74 | 4.49 ± 0.62 | 5.28 ± 0.63 | < 0.001 |
| FP MT (cm) | 2.39 ± 0.71 | 2.10 ± 0.61 | 2.72 ± 0.67 | < 0.001 |
ROC analysis results for the prediction of sarcopenia from ultrasonographically measured muscle thickness and cross-sectional area
| AUC(95%CI) | Cut-off | Specificity | Sensitivity | Accuracy | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BB and brachialis MT (cm) | 86.87% (81.28% ~ 92.47%) | 2.22 | 0.77 | 0.90 | 0.83 |
| BB CSA(cm2) | 86.82% (81.41% ~ 92.23%) | 7.46 | 0.69 | 0.92 | 0.80 |
| UA MT(cm) | 77.13% (70.04% ~ 84.22%) | 3.55 | 0.73 | 0.72 | 0.72 |
| RA MT(cm) | 77.44% (70.14% ~ 84.73%) | 1.56 | 0.69 | 0.78 | 0.74 |
| RF MT(cm) | 85.34% (79.56% ~ 91.12%) | 1.58 | 0.78 | 0.81 | 0.80 |
| VI MT(cm) | 84.07% (78.24% ~ 89.9%) | 1.38 | 0.67 | 0.89 | 0.77 |
| QF MT(cm) | 87.46% (82.17% ~ 92.75%) | 2.92 | 0.74 | 0.87 | 0.80 |
| RF CSA(cm2) | 87.59% (82.16% ~ 93.02%) | 7.08 | 0.83 | 0.86 | 0.84 |
| TP MT(cm) | 81.77% (75.42% ~ 88.12%) | 4.90 | 0.80 | 0.72 | 0.76 |
| FP MT(cm) | 75.75% (68.44% ~ 83.06%) | 2.20 | 0.68 | 0.73 | 0.71 |
Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the prediction of sarcopenia from ultrasound parameters
| Non-adjusted | Model I | Model II | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| BB and brachialis MT | 28.32 (11.74~68.27) | < 0.001 | 107.93 (12.01–970.38) | < 0.001 | 126.27 (12.06–1321.54) | < 0.001 |
| BB CSA | 26.07 (10.13–67.11) | < 0.001 | 20.56 (5.85–72.29) | < 0.001 | 16.55 (4.5–60.85) | < 0.001 |
| UA MT | 6.91 (3.5–13.63) | < 0.001 | 3.42 (1.42–8.22) | 0.006 | 2.7 (1.04–6.99) | 0.041 |
| RA MT | 7.42 (3.7–14.89) | < 0.001 | 3.74 (1.65–8.46) | 0.002 | 3.17 (1.35–7.45) | 0.008 |
| RF MT | 15.49 (7.26–33.05) | < 0.001 | 8.19 (3.55–18.93) | < 0.001 | 6.28 (2.64–14.98) | < 0.001 |
| VI MT | 13.61 (6–30.87) | < 0.001 | 10.68 (4.13–27.58) | < 0.001 | 9.52 (3.47–26.12) | < 0.001 |
| QF MT | 19.5 (8.62–44.1) | < 0.001 | 13.04 (5.25–32.38) | < 0.001 | 11.08 (4.23–29.04) | < 0.001 |
| RF CSA | 30.08 (12.92–70.05) | < 0.001 | 15.06 (6.03–37.6) | < 0.001 | 13.26 (5.11–34.43) | < 0.001 |
| TP MT | 9.41 (4.64–19.08) | < 0.001 | 4.58 (2–10.45) | < 0.001 | 3.65 (1.53–8.73) | 0.004 |
| PP MT | 5.62 (2.88–10.96) | < 0.001 | 3.72 (1.66–8.34) | 0.001 | 2.85 (1.23–6.6) | 0.014 |