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Imaging microvascular changes in nonocular oncological clinical applications by optical coherence tomography angiography: a literature review Cover

Imaging microvascular changes in nonocular oncological clinical applications by optical coherence tomography angiography: a literature review

Radiology and Oncology
Volume 57 (2023): Issue 4 (December 2023)
By: Rok Hren,  Gregor Sersa,  Urban Simoncic and  Matija Milanic  
Open Access
|Nov 2023

Figures & Tables

FIGURE 1.

Optical coherence angiography (OCTA) scanning protocol. (A) A raster scanning protocol for blood vessel visualization, with the x-axis sampling density determined by A-scans per B-scan sets and the y-axis determined by B scans per volume sets. (B) OCTA B-scans created by four repeated B-scans at one y-location, repeated for varying positions along the y-axis, impacting sampling density; ΔT represents interscan time and Ta denotes acquisition time. (C) Maximum intensity projection (MIP) applied to the OCTA B-scan within the depth range of interest (where vessels are located) to generate one line of the en face OCTA image. (D) Illustration depicting the equal distribution of sampling points for smaller and larger imaging areas. Taken from Sampson et al.12 and reprinted with permission from the publisher by the Creative Commons license. To view a copy of Creative Commons license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Optical coherence angiography (OCTA) scanning protocol. (A) A raster scanning protocol for blood vessel visualization, with the x-axis sampling density determined by A-scans per B-scan sets and the y-axis determined by B scans per volume sets. (B) OCTA B-scans created by four repeated B-scans at one y-location, repeated for varying positions along the y-axis, impacting sampling density; ΔT represents interscan time and Ta denotes acquisition time. (C) Maximum intensity projection (MIP) applied to the OCTA B-scan within the depth range of interest (where vessels are located) to generate one line of the en face OCTA image. (D) Illustration depicting the equal distribution of sampling points for smaller and larger imaging areas. Taken from Sampson et al.12 and reprinted with permission from the publisher by the Creative Commons license. To view a copy of Creative Commons license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

FIGURE 2.

Images obtained through optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for (TOP ROW) nondysplastic Barrett's esophagus (NDBE) and (BOTTOM ROW) low-grade/high-grade dysplasia (LGD/HGD) (bottom left LGD; bottom center and bottom right HGD). NDBE images show a regular honeycomb microvascular pattern (arrows, top row), while abnormal vascular features, such as abnormal vessel branching (arrows, bottom left), heterogeneous vessel size (arrows, bottom center) or both (bottom right), are observed in LGD/HGD. Motion artifacts are denoted by asterisks. OCTA images can assist in distinguishing the boundary between abnormal microvasculature and neighboring nondysplastic regions (dashed line, bottom left and bottom center). Taken from Lee et al.16 and reprinted with permission from the publisher.
Images obtained through optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for (TOP ROW) nondysplastic Barrett's esophagus (NDBE) and (BOTTOM ROW) low-grade/high-grade dysplasia (LGD/HGD) (bottom left LGD; bottom center and bottom right HGD). NDBE images show a regular honeycomb microvascular pattern (arrows, top row), while abnormal vascular features, such as abnormal vessel branching (arrows, bottom left), heterogeneous vessel size (arrows, bottom center) or both (bottom right), are observed in LGD/HGD. Motion artifacts are denoted by asterisks. OCTA images can assist in distinguishing the boundary between abnormal microvasculature and neighboring nondysplastic regions (dashed line, bottom left and bottom center). Taken from Lee et al.16 and reprinted with permission from the publisher.

FIGURE 3.

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) acquisition system. OCTA images were acquired in real time. Taken from Maslennikova et al.17 and reprinted with permission from the publisher by the Creative Commons license. To view a copy of Creative Commons license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) acquisition system. OCTA images were acquired in real time. Taken from Maslennikova et al.17 and reprinted with permission from the publisher by the Creative Commons license. To view a copy of Creative Commons license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

FIGURE 4.

Illustration of two distinct vascular features observed through dermoscopy and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). The first feature, referred to as “blobs”, is small, isolated points with a simple round appearance; the second feature, called “curves”, is narrow, curved, continuous structures of varying length. Panel (A) displays a dermoscopic image of a Bowen's disease (BD) lesion, and panel (B) shows the corresponding OCTA image. The asterisk in both panels points to the same vessel. The thin arrows in panel (B) indicate examples of vascular blobs. Similarly, panels (C) and (D) display a dermoscopic image of AK and the corresponding OCTA image, respectively. The thick arrows in panel (D) indicate examples of vascular curves. Taken from Themstrup et al.19 and reprinted with permission from the publisher.
Illustration of two distinct vascular features observed through dermoscopy and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). The first feature, referred to as “blobs”, is small, isolated points with a simple round appearance; the second feature, called “curves”, is narrow, curved, continuous structures of varying length. Panel (A) displays a dermoscopic image of a Bowen's disease (BD) lesion, and panel (B) shows the corresponding OCTA image. The asterisk in both panels points to the same vessel. The thin arrows in panel (B) indicate examples of vascular blobs. Similarly, panels (C) and (D) display a dermoscopic image of AK and the corresponding OCTA image, respectively. The thick arrows in panel (D) indicate examples of vascular curves. Taken from Themstrup et al.19 and reprinted with permission from the publisher.

FIGURE 5.

Microvascularization in skin lesions (nevi, dysplastic nevi, and melanomas) through optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) scans (denoted as D-OCT). (A) Compound nevus on the scapula, displaying a globular appearance with recent changes. (B) Dysplastic nevus, flat lesion on the scapula, exhibiting a complex appearance, atypical network, irregular pigmentation, and dots/globules. (C) Melanoma, a lesion on the scapula, measuring 3.35 mm in tumor thickness, classified as pT3aN1bM0S2, stage IIIB. Taken from Perwein et al.25 and reprinted with permission from the publisher by the Creative Commons license. To view a copy of Creative Commons license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Microvascularization in skin lesions (nevi, dysplastic nevi, and melanomas) through optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) scans (denoted as D-OCT). (A) Compound nevus on the scapula, displaying a globular appearance with recent changes. (B) Dysplastic nevus, flat lesion on the scapula, exhibiting a complex appearance, atypical network, irregular pigmentation, and dots/globules. (C) Melanoma, a lesion on the scapula, measuring 3.35 mm in tumor thickness, classified as pT3aN1bM0S2, stage IIIB. Taken from Perwein et al.25 and reprinted with permission from the publisher by the Creative Commons license. To view a copy of Creative Commons license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Included articles reporting the use of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to quantify microvascular changes in nonocular clinical applications in oncology

ReferenceYear of publicationNumber of patientsOncologic setting
GI tract
Tsai et al.1520141Nondysplastic Barrett's esophagus
Lee et al.16201752Nondysplastic Barrett's esophagus surveillance or endoscopic eradication therapies for low-grade/high-grade dysplasia
Head and neck
Maslennikova et al.17201725Radiotherapy of oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal cancer
Skin
De Carvalho et al.1820161Naevus to melanoma transition
Themstrup et al.19201747Actinic keratosis, Bowen's disease and squamous cell carcinoma
Themstrup et al.20201881Basal cell carcinoma
Meiburger et al.2120197Basal cell carcinoma
Gubarkova et al.22201927Basal cell carcinoma
De Carvalho et al.232018127Melanoma
Welzel et al.242021159Melanoma
Perwein et al.252023130Nevi
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2023-0057 | Journal eISSN: 1581-3207 | Journal ISSN: 1318-2099
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Language: English
Page range: 411 - 418
Submitted on: Sep 15, 2023
Accepted on: Oct 3, 2023
Published on: Nov 30, 2023
Published by: Association of Radiology and Oncology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA),
oncology,
endoscopy,
skin carcinoma
Related subjects:
Medicine,
Clinical medicine,
Internal medicine,
Haematology, oncology,
Radiology

© 2023 Rok Hren, Gregor Sersa, Urban Simoncic, Matija Milanic, published by Association of Radiology and Oncology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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