FIGURE 1.
Five bone marrow infiltration patterns of multiple myeloma patients and healthy controls: pure diffuse pattern (A, B), combined diffuse/focal pattern (C, D), focal pattern (E, F), salt and pepper pattern (G, H), normal pattern (I, J), healthy control (K, L). T1 weighted(WI) image (A, C, E, G, I, K), T2WI FS image (B, D, F, H, J, L).
TABLE 1.
The laboratory data of patients
| Characteristics | Number / mean ± standard deviation |
|---|---|
| MM subtypea | |
| lgG-K | 28 |
| lgG-λ | 21 |
| IgA-K | 8 |
| lgA-λ | 11 |
| IgM-K | 1 |
| K | 5 |
| λ | 19 |
| ISS stagea | |
| I/ II/ III | 18/ 48/ 27 |
| R-ISS stagea | |
| I/ II/ III | 14/ 63/ 16 |
| FISHa | |
| HRC/SRC | 20 / 73 |
| Plasma cells in BM (%)b | 34.4 ± 22.3 |
| Serum M proteinb | 36.6 ± 23.7 |
| Hemoglobinb | 93.3 ± 23.1 |
| Serum β2-MGb | 6.6 ± 8.5 |
| Serum creatinineb | 127.3 ± 143.3 |
| LDHb | 197.9 ± 115.1 |
β2-MG = beta-2 microglobulin; BM = bone marrow; FISH = fluorescence in situ hybridization; HRC = high-risk cytogenetics; ISS = international staging system; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; MM = multiple myeloma; R-ISS = revised international staging system; SRC = standard-risk cytogenetics
TABLE 2.
Hemoglobin characteristics of multiple myeloma (MM) patients with different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) infiltration patterns
| MRI pattern | Haemoglobina (g/L) | P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D | M | F | SP | N | ||
| D | 77.0 ± 19.5 | > 0.05 | 0.001 | 0.014 | < 0.001 | |
| M | 88.9 ± 21.1 | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | 0.009 | ||
| F | 100.8 ± 17.8 | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | |||
| SP | 97.6 ± 20.0 | > 0.05 | ||||
| N | 106.7 ± 23.8 | |||||
TABLE 3.
Beta-2 microglobulin (β2-MG) characteristics of multiple myeloma (MM) patients with different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) infiltration patterns
| MRI pattern | β2-MGa (mg/L) | P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D | M | F | SP | N | ||
| D | 9.3 ± 8.8 | > 0.05 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | |
| M | 10.7 ± 13.9 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | ||
| F | 4.4 ± 5.2 | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | |||
| SP | 2.9 ± 1.5 | > 0.05 | ||||
| N | 3.6 ± 2.4 | |||||
[i] D = pure diffuse pattern; F = focal pattern; M = combined diffuse/focal pattern; N = normal pattern; SP = salt and pepper pattern
TABLE 4.
Plasma cells characteristics of multiple myeloma (MM) patients with different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) infiltration patterns
| MRI pattern | plasma cellsa (%) | P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D | M | F | SP | N | ||
| D | 46.9 ± 20.1 | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | < 0.05 | < 0.001 | |
| M | 50.3 ± 23.1 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | < 0.001 | ||
| F | 34.9 ± 17.8 | > 0.05 | < 0.05 | |||
| SP | 18.8 ± 8.3 | < 0.05 | ||||
| N | 15.7 ± 11.2 | |||||
TABLE 5.
Serum M protein characteristics of multiple myeloma (MM) patients with different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) infiltration patterns
| MRI pattern | M proteina (g/L) | P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D | M | F | SP | N | ||
| D | 46.9 ± 27.6 | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | < 0.05 | |
| M | 49.8 ± 18.9 | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | ||
| F | 33.4 ± 20.8 | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | |||
| SP | 40.3 ± 18.8 | < 0.05 | ||||
| N | 19.9 ± 16.9 | |||||
FIGURE 2.
ROC curve analysis of discriminating multiple myeloma (MM) infiltration patterns of D from N by quantitative parameters of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC).
D = pure diffuse pattern; N = normal pattern
FIGURE 3.
ROC curve analysis of discriminating multiple myeloma (MM) infiltration patterns of N from healthy controls by quantitative parameters of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC).
N = normal
FIGURE 4.
ROC curve analysis of discriminating healthy controls from multiple myeloma (MM) infiltration bone marrow by quantitative parameters of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC).
FIGURE 5.
Correlation analysis of bone marrow plasma cell ratio and mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmean) values of diffuse infiltration patterns (N and D) in multiple myeloma (MM) patients.
D = pure diffuse pattern; N = normal pattern