References
- Bravo AA, Sheth SG, Chopra S. Liver biopsy. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 495–500. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200102153440706
- Rockey DC, Caldwell SH, Goodman ZD, Nelson RC, Smith AD. Liver biopsy. Hepatology 2009; 49: 1017–44. doi: 10.1002/hep.22742
- Gazelle GS, Haaga JR. Guided percutaneous biopsy of intraabdominal lesions. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1989; 153: 929–35. doi: 10.2214/ajr.153.5.929
- Otto R. Interventional ultrasound. Eur Radiol 2002; 12: 283–7. doi: 10.1007/s00330-001-1272-3
- Di Tommaso L, Spadaccini M, Donadon M, Personeni N, Elamin A, Aghemo A, et al. Role of liver biopsy in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25: 6041–52. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i40.6041
- Al Knawy B, Shiffman M. Percutaneous liver biopsy in clinical practice. Liver Int 2007; 27: 1166–73. doi: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2007.01592.x
- Karamshi M. Performing a percutaneous liver biopsy in parenchymal liver diseases. Br J Nurs 2008; 17: 746–52. doi: 10.12968/bjon.2008.17.12.30303
- Lipnik AJ, Brown DB. Image-guided percutaneous abdominal mass biopsy: technical and clinical considerations. Radiol Clin North Am 2015; 53: 1049–59. doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2015.05.007
- Ha HK, Sachs PB, Haaga JR, Abdul-Karim F. CT-guided liver biopsy: an update. Clin Imaging 1991; 15: 99–104. doi: 10.1016/0899-7071(91)90155-o
- Schullian P, Widmann G, Lang TB, Knoflach M, Bale R. Accuracy and diagnostic yield of CT-guided stereotactic liver biopsy of primary and secondary liver tumors. Comput Aided Surg 2011; 16: 181–7. doi: 10.3109/10929088.2011.578367
- Haaga JR, Reich NE, Havrilla TR, Alfidi RJ, Meaney TF. CT guided biopsy. Cleve Clin Q 1977; 44: 27–33. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.44.1.27
- Langenbach MC, Vogl TJ, von den Driesch I, Kaltenbach B, Scholtz J-E, Hammerstingl RM, et al. Analysis of Lipiodol uptake in angiography and computed tomography for the diagnosis of malignant versus benign hepatocellular nodules in cirrhotic liver. Eur Radiol 2019; 29: 6539–49. doi: 10.1007/s00330-019-06297-3
- Sainani NI, Schlett CL, Hahn PF, Gervais DA, Mueller PR, Arellano RS. Computed tomography-guided percutaneous biopsy of isoattenuating focal liver lesions. Abdom Imaging 2014; 39: 633–44. doi: 10.1007/s00261-014-0089-x
- Willatt JM, Francis IR, Novelli PM, Vellody R, Pandya A, Krishnamurthy VN. Interventional therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Imaging 2012; 12: 79–88. doi: 10.1102/1470-7330.2012.0011
- Sun JH, Zhou GH, Zhang YL, Nie CH, Zhou TY, Ai J, et al. Chemoembolization of liver cancer with drug-loading microsphere 50–100μm. Oncotarget 2017; 8: 5392–9. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000659
- Martino CR, Haaga JR, Bryan PJ, LiPuma JP, El Yousef SJ, Alfidi RJ. CT-guided liver biopsies: eight years’ experience. Work in progress. Radiology 1984; 152: 755–7. doi: 10.1148/radiology.152.3.6463257
- Nezami N, VAN Breugel JMM, Konstantinidis M, Chapiro J, Savic LJ, Miszczuk MA, et al. Lipiodol deposition and washout in primary and metastatic liver tumors after chemoembolization. In Vivo 2021; 35: 3261–70. doi: 10.21873/invivo.12621
- Chan MKH, Lee V, Chiang CL, Lee FAS, Law G, Sin NY, et al. Lipiodol versus diaphragm in 4D-CBCT-guided stereotactic radiotherapy of hepatocellular carcinomas. Strahlenther Onkol 2016; 192: 92–101. doi: 10.1007/s00066-015-0929-9
- Ahn SJ, Lee JM, Chang W, Lee SM, Kang H-J, Yang H-K, et al. Clinical utility of real-time ultrasound-multimodality fusion guidance for percutaneous biopsy of focal liver lesions. Eur J Radiol 2018; 103: 76–83. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2018.04.002
- Khalilzadeh O, Baerlocher MO, Shyn PB, Connolly BL, Devane AM, Morris CS, et al. Proposal of a new adverse event classification by the Society of Interventional Radiology Standards of Practice Committee. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017; 28: 1432–7.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2017.06.019
- Haage P, Piroth W, Staatz G, Adam G, Günther RW. [CT-guided percutaneous biopsies for the classification of focal liver lesions: a comparison between 14 G and 18 G puncture biopsy needles]. [German]. Rofo 1999; 171: 44–8. doi: 10.1055/s-1999-9895
- Pagani JJ. Biopsy of focal hepatic lesions. Comparison of 18 and 22 gauge needles. Radiology 1983; 147: 673–5. doi: 10.1148/radiology.147.3.6844603
- Lüning M, Schmeisser B, Wolff H, Schöpke W, Hoppe E, Meyer R. [Analysis of the results of 96 CT-guided fine needle biopsies of liver masses]. [German]. Rofo 1984; 141: 267–75. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1053132
- Knöpfle E, Bohndorf K, Wagner T. [Does the core biopsy of solid liver lesions permit an exact histological classification? Results of a prospective study under routine clinical conditions]. [German]. Rofo 1997; 167: 406–11. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1015552
- Gerhards A, Mildenberger P, Herber S, Lehr HA, Thelen M. [Prospective benefit and effect of lipiodol marking in hepatocellular carcinoma]. [German]. Rofo 2005; 177: 1380–6. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-858565
- Rizvi S, Camci C, Yong Y, Parker G, Shrago S, Stokes K, et al. Is post-Lipiodol CT better than i.v. contrast CT scan for early detection of HCC? A single liver transplant center experience. Transplant Proc 2006; 38: 2993–5. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.08.125
- Frazer C. Imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999; 14: 750–6. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.1999.01946.x
- Schaudt A, Kriener S, Schwarz W, Wullstein C, Zangos S, Vogl T, et al. Role of transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma before liver transplantation with special consideration of tumor necrosis. Clin Transplant 2009; 23(Suppl 21): 61–7. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2009.01111.x
- Choi BI, Park JH, Kim BH, Kim SH, Han MC, Kim CW. Small hepatocellular carcinoma: detection with sonography, computed tomography (CT), angiography and Lipiodol-CT. Br J Radiol 1989; 62: 897–903. doi: 10.1259/0007-1285-62-742-897
- Taourel PG, Pageaux GP, Coste V, Fabre JM, Pradel JA, Ramos J, et al. Small hepatocellular carcinoma in patients undergoing liver transplantation: detection with CT after injection of iodized oil. Radiology 1995; 197: 377–80. doi: 10.1148/radiology.197.2.7480680
- Takayasu K, Moriyama N, Muramatsu Y, Makuuchi M, Hasegawa H, Okazaki N, et al. The diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinomas: efficacy of various imaging procedures in 100 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1990; 155: 49–54. doi: 10.2214/ajr.155.1.1693808
- Spreafico C, Marchianò A, Mazzaferro V, Frigerio LF, Regalia E, Lanocita R, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma in patients who undergo liver transplantation: sensitivity of CT with iodized oil. Radiology 1997; 203: 457–60. doi: 10.1148/radiology.203.2.9114104
- Wilsen CB, Patel MK, Douek ML, Masamed R, Dittmar KM, Lu DSK, et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for abdominal image-guided procedures. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2023; 48: 1438–53. doi: 10.1007/s00261-023-03804-5
- Monfardini L, Orsi F, Caserta R, Sallemi C, Della Vigna P, Bonomo G, et al. Ultrasound and cone beam CT fusion for liver ablation: technical note. Int J Hyperthermia 2018; 35: 500–4. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2018.1509237
- Tu J, Jia Z, Ying X, Zhang D, Li S, Tian F, et al. The incidence and outcome of major complication following conventional TAE/TACE for hepatocellular carcinoma. Medicine 2016; 95: e5606. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000005606