The impact of investigated polymorphisms on chronic and neuropathic pain (N = 101)
| SNP | Genotype | Chronic N (%) pain | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI)adj | Padj |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OPRM1 rs1799971 | AA | 15 (20.3) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| AG+GG | 6 (22.2) | 1.12 (0.39–3.28) | 0.831 | 1.2 (0.4–3.57) | 0.739 | |
| OPRMrs677830 1 | CC | 14 (27.5) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| CT+TT | 7 (14) | 0.43 (0.16–1.18) | 0.101 | 0.44 (0.16–1.21) | 0.112 | |
| MIR23B rs1011784 | CC | 9 (15.3) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| CG | 10 (32.3) | 2.65 (0.94–7.45) | 0.065 | 2.85 (0.99–8.19) | 0.052 | |
| GG | 2 (20) | 1.39 (0.25–7.64) | 0.706 | 1.68 (0.29–9.83) | 0.563 | |
| MIR107 rs2296616 | CG+GG GG | 12 (29.3) 0 (0) | 2.3 (0.86–6.11) Ref. | 0.095 | 2.58 (0.94–7.1) Ref. | 0.067 |
| GA | 9 (18.4) | / | 0.099* | |||
| AA | 12 (35.3) | / | 0.004* | |||
| GA+AA | 21 (25.3) | / | 0.021* | |||
| SNP | Genotype | Neuropathic pain N (%) | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI)adj | Padj |
| OPRM1 rs1799971 | AA | 19 (25.7) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| AG+GG | 6 (22.2) | 0.83 (0.29–2.36) | 0.722 | 0.94 (0.32–2.75) | 0.915 | |
| OPRMrs677830 1 | CC | 17 (33.3) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| CT+TT | 8 (16) | 0.38 (0.15–0.99) | 0.047 | 0.4 (0.15–1.04) | 0.060 | |
| MIR23B rs1011784 | CC | 11 (18.6) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| CG | 12 (38.7) | 2.76 (1.04–7.31) | 0.042 | 3.25 (1.17–9.02) | 0.023 | |
| GG | 2 (20) | 1.09 (0.2–5.87) | 0.919 | 1.59 (0.27–9.24) | 0.607 | |
| CG+GG | 14 (34.1) | 2.26 (0.9–5.68) | 0.082 | 2.85 (1.07–7.59) | 0.036 | |
| MIR107 rs2296616 | GG | 3 (16.7) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| GA | 11 (22.4) | 1.45 (0.35–5.93) | 0.607 | 1.37 (0.33–5.69) | 0.666 | |
| AA | 11 (32.4) | 2.39 (0.57–10.02) | 0.233 | 2.34 (0.55–9.97) | 0.249 | |
| GA+AA | 22 (26.5) | 1.8 (0.48–6.83) | 0.386 | 1.73 (0.45–6.65) | 0.424 |
Patients’ clinical characteristics
| All subjects | Stronger postoperative analgesia with tramadol/paracetamol | Weaker postoperative analgesia with tramadol/paracetamol | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size | N = 113 | N = 55 | N = 58 | |
| Characteristic | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |
| Age (years) | Median (25–75 %) | 55 (48–63) | 57 (49–64) | 53,5 (47.8–61) |
| Weight (kg) | Median (25–75 %) | 72 (63.5–82) | 72 (64–82) | 72 (63–82.3) |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | Median (25–75 %) | 27.1 (23.4–31.0) | 26.7 (23.0–30.8) | 27.6 (23.5–31.2) |
| Smoking | No | 87 (77.7) [1] | 41 (75.9) [1] | 46 (79.3) |
| Yes | 25 (22.3) | 13 (24.1) | 12 (20.7) | |
| ASA score | 1 | 22 (19.6) [1] | 10 (18.2) | 12 (21.1) [1] |
| 2 | 81 (72.3) | 39 (70.9) | 42 (73.7) | |
| 3 | 9 (8.0) | 6 (10.9) | 3 (5.3) | |
| Side of the operation | Left | 62 (54.9) | 30 (54.5) | 32 (55.2) |
| Right | 50 (44.2) | 24 (43.6) | 26 (44.8) | |
| Bilateral | 1 (0.9) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Tumor grade | 1 | 4 (3.6) [1] | 1 (1.9) [1] | 3 (5.2) |
| 1–2 | 3 (2.7) | 2 (3.7) | 1 (1.7) | |
| 2 | 39 (34.8) | 17 (31.5) | 22 (37.9) | |
| 2–3 | 8 (7.1) | 2 (3.7) | 6 (10.3) | |
| 3 | 58 (51.3) | 32 (59.3) | 26 (44.8) | |
| VAS after 7 days | Median (25–75 %) | 2 (1–3) [5] | 1.3 (1–2) [3] | 2 (1–3) [2] |
| VAS after 14 days | Median (25–75 %) | 1.5 (0–2) [11] | 1 (0–2) [9] | 2 (1–2) [2] |
| VAS after 21 days | Median (25–75 %) | 1 (0.4–2) [11] | 1 (0–2) [9] | 1 (1–2) [2] |
| VAS after 28 days | Median (25–75 %) | 1 (0–2) [14] | 1 (0–1) [10] | 1 (1–2) [4] |
The investigated polymorphism’s characteristics and frequencies
| Gene | SNP | Genotype | N (%) | PAF (%) | MAF HapMap CEU expected (%) | PHWE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OPRM1 | rs1799971 | AA | 84 (74.3) | 14.2 | 15.6–16.7 | 0.570 |
| AG | 26 (23.0) | |||||
| GG | 3 (2.7) | |||||
| rs677830 | CC | 56 (49.6) | 27.4 | 20.7 | 0.098 | |
| CT | 52 (46.0) | |||||
| TT | 5 (4.4) | |||||
| MIR23B | rs1011784* | CC | 63 (56.3) [1] | 26.8 | 23.3 | 0.153 |
| CG | 38 (33.9) | |||||
| GG | 11 (9.8) | |||||
| MIR107 | rs2296616* | GG | 21 (18.6) | 57.1 | 54.2–55.3 | 0.944 |
| GA | 55 (48.7) | |||||
| AA | 37 (32.7) |
The impact of investigated polymorphisms on constipation anytime during the first four weeks of tramadol treatment (N = 99)
| SNP | Genotype | Constipation anytime N (%) | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI)adj | Padj |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OPRM1 rs1799971 | AA | 30 (40) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| AG+GG | 18 (75) | 4.5 (1.6–12.64) | 0.004 | 4.31 (1.52–12.17) | 0.006 | |
| OPRM1 rs677830 | CC | 24 (48) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| CT+TT | 24 (49) | 1.04 (0.47–2.29) | 0.922 | 0.98 (0.44–2.19) | 0.964 | |
| MIR23B rs1011784 | CC | 29 (50) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| CG | 16 (50) | 1 (0.42–2.37) | 1.000 | 0.96 (0.4–2.31) | 0.930 | |
| GG | 3 (37.5) | 0.6 (0.13–2.75) | 0.510 | 0.46 (0.1–2.23) | 0.338 | |
| CG+GG | 19 (47.5) | 0.9 (0.4–2.03) | 0.808 | 0.84 (0.37–1.91) | 0.676 | |
| MIR107 rs2296616 | GG | 11 (57.9) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| GA | 23 (48.9) | 0.7 (0.24–2.04) | 0.511 | 0.73 (0.25–2.16) | 0.566 | |
| AA | 14 (42.4) | 0.54 (0.17–1.68) | 0.285 | 0.53 (0.17–1.67) | 0.276 | |
| GA+AA | 37 (46.3) | 0.63 (0.23–1.72) | 0.364 | 0.64 (0.23–1.77) | 0.386 |
The impact of investigated miRNA polymorphisms on nausea after 21 and 28 days of tramadol treatment (N = 99)
| SNP | Genotype | Nausea days N (%) 21 | OR (95% CI) | P | Nausea days N (%) 28 | OR (95% CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MIRrs1011784 23B | CC | 9 (16.4) | Ref. | 4 (7.5) | Ref. | ||
| CG | 4 (12.9) | 0.76 (0.21–2.7) | 0.668 | 5 (16.1) | 2.36 (0.58–9.54) | 0.230 | |
| GG | 2 (25) | 1.7 (0.3–9.83) | 0.551 | 3 (37.5) | 7.35 (1.27–42.6) | 0.026 | |
| CG+GG | 6 (15.4) | 0.93 (0.3–2.86) | 0.898 | 8 (20.5) | 3.16 (0.88–11.39) | 0.078 | |
| MIRrs2296616 107 | GG | 6 (31.6) | Ref. | 2 (10.5) | Ref. | ||
| GA | 4 (8.9) | 0.21 (0.05–0.87) | 0.031 | 4 (8.7) | 0.81 (0.14–4.84) | 0.817 | |
| AA | 5 (16.7) | 0.43 (0.11–1.69) | 0.229 | 6 (21.4) | 2.32 (0.41–12.96) | 0.338 | |
| GA+AA | 9 (12) | 0.30 (0.09–0.97) | 0.045 | 10 (13.5) | 1.33 (0.27–6.64) | 0.730 |