Figure 1
Radiographic measurements: (A) Anterior Impingement angle (AIa) and Posterior Impingement angle (PIa) in normal group, (B) AIa and Pia in EBI group, (C) sigmoid notch coverage angle (SNC) in normal group.
Table 1
Manual and radiographic measurements
| EBI groupa | NORMAL groupa | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flexion (º) | 115 ± 8 | 139 ± 5 | < 0.05 |
| Extension deficit (º) | 19 ± 12 | 0 ± 0 | < 0.05 |
| fROM (º) | 96 ± 14 | 139 ± 5 | < 0.05 |
| SNC (º) | 217 ± 10 | 170 ± 6 | < 0.05 |
| AIa (º) | 44 ± 5 | 20 ± 4 | < 0.05 |
| Pia (º) | 173 ± 10 | 150 ± 5 | < 0.05 |
Table 2
Inter-rate r and intra-rater reliabilitiesa
| Inter-rater reliabilitya | Intra-rater reliability for rater 1a | Intra-rater reliability for rater 2a | Intra-rater reliability for rater 3a | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EBI group | AIa | 0.85 (0.75–0.94) | 0.87 (0.75–0.94) | 0.87 (0.74–0.94) | 0.87 (0.75–0.95) |
| PIa | 0.84 (0.69–0.92) | 0.83 (0.66–0.91) | 0.88 (0.76–0.94) | 0.85 (0.75–0.93) | |
| NORMAL | AIa | 0.87 (0.76–0.94) | 0.90 (0.81–0.95) | 0.87 (0.74–0.94) | 0.87 (0.75–0.95) |
| group | PIa | 0.85 (0.75–0.93) | 0.86 (0.73–0.93) | 0.86 (0.73–0.93) | 0.86 (0.74–0.94) |
Table 3
Inter-rater reliability between two upper-hand expert surgeons and one resident
| Surgeon 1 vs. surgeon 2a | Surgeon 1 vs. residenta | Surgeon 2 vs. residenta | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EBI group | AIa | 0.85 (0.71–0.93) | 0.85 (0.74–0.94) | 0.86 (078–0.95) |
| PIa | 0.84 (0.69–0.92) | 0.89 (0.79–0.95) | 0.87 (0.74–0.94) | |
| NORMAL | AIa | 0.87 (0.74–0.94) | 0.90 (0.80–0.95) | 0.88 (0.77–0.94) |
| group | PIa | 0.85 (0.71–0.93) | 0.89 (0.77–0.94) | 0.87 (0.760–0.94) |
Figure 2
Manual flexion-extension range of motion (fROM) and radiographic measurement correlations between (A) f lexion and Anterior Impingement angle AIa, (B) extension deficit and Posterior Impingement angle (Pia).