References
- Nikiforov YE, Seethala RR. Anaplastic (undifferentiated) carcinoma. In: Nikiforov YE, Biddinger PW, Thompson LDR, editors. Diagnostic pathology and molecular genetics of the thyroid, 2nd edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2012. p. 263-84.
- Besic N, Gazic B. Sites of metastases of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: autopsy findings in 45 cases from a single institution. Thyroid 2013; 23: 709-73. doi: 10.1089/thy.2012.0252
- Untch BR, Olson JA Jr.. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, thyroid lymphoma, and metastasis to thyroid. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2006; 15: 661-79. doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2006.05.006
- Ain KB. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: a therapeutic challenge. Semin Surg Oncol 1999; 16: 64-9. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2388(199901/02)16:1<;64::aid-ssu10>3.0.co;2-u
- Ain KB. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: behavior, biology, and therapeutic approaches. Thyroid 1998; 8: 715-26. doi: 10.1089/thy.1998.8.715
- Sugitani I, Kasai N, Fujimoto Y, Yanagisawa A. Prognostic factors and therapeutic strategy for anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid. World J Surg 2011; 25: 617-622. doi: 10.1007/s002680020166
- Hvilsom GB, Londero SC, Hahn CH, Schytte S, Pedersen HB, Christiansen P, et al. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma in Denmark 1996-2012: a national prospective study of 219 patients. Cancer Epidemiol 2018; 53: 65-71. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2018.01.011
- Besic N, Hocevar M, Zgajnar J. Lower incidence of anaplastic carcinoma after higher iodination of salt in Slovenia. Thyroid 2010; 20: 623-6. doi: 10.1089/thy.2009.0404
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana. Epidemiology and Cancer Registry. Ljubljana: Institute of Oncology Ljubljana. [cited 2019 Aug 28]. Available at: https://www.onko-i.si/eng/sectors/epidemiology-and-cancer-registry
- Besic N, Auersperg M, Us-Krasovec M, Golouh, R, Frkovic-Grazio S, Vodnik A. Effect of primary treatment on survival in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol 2001; 27: 260-4. doi: 10.1053/ejso.2000.1098
- Besic N, Hocevar M, Zgajnar J, Pogacnik A, Grazio-Frkovic S, Auersperg M. Prognostic factors in anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid-a multivariate survival analysis of 188 patients. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2005; 390: 203-8. doi: 10.1007/s00423-004-0524-5
- Zaletel K, Gaberscek S, Pirnat E. Ten-year follow-up of thyroid epidemiology in Slovenia after increase in salt iodization. Croat Med J 2011; 52: 615-21. doi: 10.3325/cmj.2011.52.615
- Gaberscek S, Zaletel K. Epidemiological trends of iodine-related thyroid disorders: an example from Slovenia. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2016; 67: 93-8. doi: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2725
- Kotnik P, Sirca Campa A, Zupancic M, Stimec M, Smole K, Mis NF, et al. Goiter prevalence and urinary iodine concentration in Slovenian adolescents. Thyroid 2006; 16: 769-73. doi: 10.1089/thy.2006.16.769
- Zimmermann MB, Boelaert K. Iodine deficiency and thyroid disorders. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2015; 3: 286-95. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70225-6
- Bajuk V, Zaletel K, Pirnat E, Hojker S, Gaberšček S. Effects of adequate iodine supply on the incidence of iodine-induced thyroid disorders in Slovenia. Thyroid 2017; 27: 558-66. doi: 10.1089/thy.2016.0186
- Zadnik V, Primic Zakelj M. SLORA: Slovenia and cancer. Ljubljana: Epidemiology and Cancer Registry. Institute of Oncology Ljubljana. [cited 2018 Oct 14]. Available at: www.slora.si
- Bacher-Stier C, Riccabona G, Tötsch M, Kemmler G, Oberaigner W, Moncayo R. Incidence and clinical characteristics of thyroid carcinoma after iodine prophylaxis in an endemic goiter country. Thyroid 1997; 7: 733-41. doi: 10.1089/thy.1997.7.733
- Harach HR, Galindez M, Campero M, Ceballos GA. Undifferentiated (ana-plastic) thyroid carcinoma and iodine intake in Salta, Argentina. Endocr Pathol 2013; 24: 125-31. doi: 10.1007/s12022-013-9248-9
- Zimmermann MB, Galetti V. Iodine intake as a risk factor for thyroid cancer: a comprehensive review of animal and human studies. Thyroid Res 2015; 8: doi: 10.1186/s13044-015-0020-8
- Zivaljevic V, Slijepcevic N, Paunovic I, Diklic A, Kalezic N, Marinkovic J, et al. Risk factors for anaplastic thyroid cancer. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014: 815070. doi: 10.1155/2014/815070
- Smallridge RC, Copland JA. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: pathogenesis and emerging therapies. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2010; 22: 486-97. doi: 10.1016/j.clon.2010.03.013
- McIver B, Hay ID, Giuffrida DF, Dvorak CE, Grant CS, Thompson GB, et al. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: a 50-year experience at a single institution. Surgery 2001; 130: 1028-34. doi: 10.1067/msy.2001.118266
- Belfiore A, La Rosa G, Padova G, Sava L, Ippolito O, Vigneri R. The frequency of cold thyroid nodules and thyroid malignancies in patients from an iodine-deficient area. Cancer 1987; 60: 3096-102. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19871215)60:12<;3096::aid-cncr2820601240>3.0.co;2-v
- Bakiri F, Djemli FK, Mokrane LA, Djidel FK. The relative roles of endemic goiter and socioeconomic development status in the prognosis of thyroid carcinoma. Cancer 1998; 82: 1146-53. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19980315)82:6<;1146::aid-cncr20>3.0.co;2-5
- Oishi N, Kondo T, Ebina A, Sato Y, Akaishi J, Hino R, et al. Molecular alterations of coexisting thyroid papillary carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma: identification of TERT mutation as an independent risk factor for transformation. Mod Pathol 2017; 11: 1527-37. doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.75
- Hieu TT, Russell AW, Cuneo R, Clark J, Kron T, Hall P, et al. Cancer risk after medical exposure to radioactive iodine in benign thyroid diseases: a metaanalysis. Endocr Relat Cancer 2012; 19: 645-55. doi: 10.1530/ERC-12-0176
- Ross DS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, Greenlee MC, Laurberg P, Maia AL, et al. 2016 American Thyroid Association guidelines for diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid 2016; 26: 1343-421. doi: 10.1089/thy.2016.0229
- Venkatesh YS, Ordonez NG, Schultz PN, Hickey RC, Goepfert H, Samaan NA. Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid. A clinicopathologic study of 121 cases. Cancer 1990; 66: 321-30. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19900715)66:2<;321::aid-cncr2820660221>3.0.co;2-a
- Skrk D, Zontar D. Estimated collective effective dose to the population from nuclear medicine examinations in Slovenia. Radiol Oncol 2013; 47: 304-10. doi: 10.2478/raon-2013-0048
- Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, Doherty GM, Mandel SJ, Nikiforov YE, et al. 2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: the American Thyroid Association guidelines task force on thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2016; 26: 1-133. doi: 10.1089/thy.2015.0020
- Kapp DS, LiVolsi VA, Sanders MM. Anaplastic carcinoma following well-differentiated thyroid cancer: etiological considerations. Yale J Biol Med 1982; 55: 521-8. PMID: 7183024
- Ito Y, Higashiyama T, Hirokawa M, Fukushima M, Inoue H, Yabuta T, et al. Prognosis of patients with papillary carcinoma showing anaplastic transformation in regional lymph nodes that were curatively resected. Endocr J 2008; 55: 985-9. doi: 10.1507/endocrj.k08e-148
- Verburg FA, Aktolun C, Chiti A, Frangos S, Giovanella L, Hoffmann M, et al. Why the European Association of Nuclear Medicine has declined to endorse the 2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2016; 43: 1001-5. doi: 10.1007/s00259-016-3327-3
- Shahbaz A, Fransawy Alkomos M, Mahendhar R, Nabi U, Riaz M, Sachmechi I. Follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma presented as autonomous functioning thyroid nodule: a case report and review of literature. Cureus 2018; 7: e3014. doi: 10.7759/cureus.3014
- Maatouk J, Barklow TA, Zakaria W, Al-Abbadi MA. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma arising in long-standing multinodular goiter following radioactive iodine therapy: report of a case diagnosed by fine needle aspiration. Acta Cytol 2009; 53: 581-3. doi: 10.1159/000325388
- Villa ML, Mukherjee JJ, Tran NQ, Cheah WK, Howe HS, Lee KO. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with destructive thyrotoxicosis in a patient with preexisting multinodular goiter. Thyroid 2004; 14: 227-30. doi: 10.1089/105072504773297902
- Mai DD, Mai KT, Shamji FM. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma developing from a Hürthle cell tumor: a case report. Acta Cytol 2001; 45: 761-4. doi: 10.1159/000328300
- Lee DY, Won JK, Lee SH, Park DJ, Jung KC, Sung MW, et al. Changes of clinicopathologic characteristics and survival outcomes of anaplastic and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid 2016; 26: 404-13. doi: 10.1089/ thy.2015.0316