Complications according to Clavien-Dindo
| Clavien- Dindo | n (%) |
| 0 | 164 (75.2) |
| 1 | 20 (9.2) |
| 2 | 18 (8.3) |
| 3b | 9 (4.1) |
| 4a | 3 (1.4) |
| 5 | 4 (1.8) |
Type of stoma and closure technique
| Anterior Wall Sutures | Resection With Anastomosis | Together | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ileostomy | 7 (7%) | 95 (93%) | 102 |
| Colostomy | 69 (59%) | 47 (41%) | 116 |
| Together | 76 (35%) | 142 (65%) | 218 |
Clinical characteristics
| N = 218 | |
|---|---|
| Age | 64.6 years (26 – 90) |
| Sex | |
| Male | 136 (62%) |
| Female | 82 (38%) |
| ASA score | |
| 1 | 60 (27%) |
| 2 | 102 (47%) |
| 3 | 26 (12%) |
| 4 | 1 (0.5%) |
| Time to closure | 248 days (30 – 911) |
The effect of different variables on complication rate
| Type of closure | AWS | RWA | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| All complications | 16 (7.3%) | 38 (17.4%) | > 0.05 |
| Severe complications | 5 (2.2%) | 11 (5%) | > 0.05 |
| Age | < 65 years | > 65 years | p |
| All complications | 23 (10.5%) | 31 (14.2%) | > 0.05 |
| Severe complications | 4 (1.8%) | 12 (5.5%) | > 0.05 |
| ASA status | ASA 1 & 2 | ASA 3 & 4 | p |
| All complications | 38 (17.4%) | 6 (3%) | > 0.05 |
| Severe complications | 13 (6%) | 3 (1.3%) | > 0.05 |
| Type of stoma | Ileostomy | Colostomy | p |
| All complications | 27 (12.4%) | 27 (12.4%) | > 0.05 |
| Severe complications | 9 (4.1%) | 7 (3.2%) | > 0.05 |
| Time to closure | <240 days | >240 days | p |
| All complications | 14 (6.4%) | 40 (18%) | = 0.044 |
| Severe complications | 4 (1.8%) | 12 (5.5%) | > 0.05 |
Clavien-Dindo classification
| Grade | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Any deviation from the normal postoperative course without the need for pharmacological treatment or surgical, endoscopic | |
| 1 | and radiological interventions. Acceptable therapeutic regimens are: drugs as antiemetics, antipyretics, analgetics, diuretics and |
| electrolytes, and physiotherapy. This grade also includes wound infections opened at the bedside. | |
| 2 | Requiring pharmacological treatment with drugs other than such allowed for grade I complications. Blood transfusions, antibiotics and total parenteral nutrition are also included. |
| 3 | Requiring surgical, endoscopic or radiological intervention. |
| a | Intervention under regional/local anesthesia. |
| b | Intervention under general anesthesia. |
| 4 | Life-threatening complication requiring intensive care/intensive care unit management. |
| a | Single organ dysfunction. |
| b | Multi-organ dysfunction. |
| 5 | Patient demise. |