Figure 1
The US images of the child’s resting tongue posture on the palate: sagittal view (A) antero - posterior (transverse) view (B); vertical view (C); 3D reconstruction of the tongue showing a convexity of the tongue dorsum (D).
D = Dorsum, R = Radix, T = Tip of the tongue
Figure 2
The US images of the child’s resting tongue posture on the floor of the mouth: sagittal view (A); anteroposterior (transverse) view (B); vertical view (C); 3D reconstruction of the tongue (D) showing a a central groove (G) on the tongue dorsum.
D = Dorsum, R = Radix, T = Tip of the tongue
Table 1
Comparison of the general data and the parents’ assessment of the child’s nasal breathing, the possible articulation disorders and the necessity for speech therapy between the group of children with anterior open bite (AOB) (N = 32) and the rest of the pediatric population without anterior open bite (N = 414)
| Parameter | AOB (N = 32) | Without AOB (N = 414) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years)1 | 4.9 (1.0) | 5.0 (0.9) | 0.548 |
| Nasal breathing, day2 | 31 (96.9%) | 348 (84.1%) | 0.056 |
| Nasal breathing, night | 29 (90.6%) | 350 (84.5%) | 0.382 |
| Articulation disorder (parental assessment) | 27 (84.4%) | 108 (26.1%) | < 0.001 |
| Necessity for speech therapy | 13 (40.6%) | 99 (23.9%) | 0.018 |
Figure 3
Comparison of the assessment of the resting tongue posture by the clinical orthodontic examination, clinical ENT examination, and 3DUS examination in the AOB children.
Table 2
Comparison of the general data, ultrasound-assessed resting tongue posture, and the prevalence of articulation disorders between the anterior open bite group (N = 32) and the control group (N = 43)