Abstract
Defensive Deception is an advanced strategy in network security that aims to mislead, confuse, or delay cyber adversaries by introducing uncertainty and manipulating attacker perceptions. Unlike traditional defense mechanisms that focus on detection and prevention, deceptive techniques ‒ such as honeypots, honeytokens, moving target defense, and decoy systems ‒ proactively shape attacker behavior and create a more complex threat landscape. A critical aspect of modern defensive deception is the integration of game-theoretic models, which provide a rigorous mathematical framework for analyzing interactions between attackers and defenders. These models help in designing optimal deception strategies by anticipating adversary actions and balancing the trade-offs between risk, cost, and information gain. By leveraging deception and strategic reasoning, defenders can increase the attacker’s cognitive and operational burden, shift the asymmetry in cyber conflict, and significantly enhance the resilience of network systems.