Abstract
In an era dominated by digital communication, the proliferation of fake news presents a profound and complex threat to contemporary society. The present paper explores the multifaceted nature of fake news ‒ distinguishing between misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation ‒ and examines its far-reaching consequences across social, political, and personal spheres. It outlines how the rapid spread of falsehoods via social media algorithms erodes trust in institutions, media, and science, while fueling societal and political polarization. The real-world impact of fake news is underscored through case studies in public health crises, incitement of violence, financial fraud, and psychological harm. The paper also investigates current strategies to combat the “infodemic,” emphasizing the need for enhanced media literacy, responsible platform governance, and robust support for independent journalism. By highlighting both the dangers and the possible solutions, the paper calls for a collective, sustained response to restore truth and accountability in the digital information landscape.