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The complementary case study approach involves three case studies in Dublin, Nottingham, and London (by A_ Corcoran and Z_ Nedovic-Budic)_
| Case study elements | Research step | Common methodology | Analysis method | 
|---|---|---|---|
| Stakeholder group | |||
| Resilience principle | Pre-design data collection | Focus groups | Content analyses | 
| Resilience issue | Pre-design data collection | Focus groups | Content analyses | 
| G-ICT (geographical information and communication technology) | Pre-design data collection | Focus groups | Content analyses | 
| Prototyping development | Programming | ||
| Implementation | Recruitment of prototype users/gathering of content | ||
| Evaluation | Controlled experiment | Statistical analysis | |
| Focus Groups | Content analyses | ||
| Survey | Statistical analysis | 
Proposed dimensions of PPGIS design (by M_ Czepkiewicz et al_)_
| Socio-institutional context of participation process | Participants Who is participating? | Technology Design considerations for PPGIS GIS tools | 
|---|---|---|
| Rules and norms | Knowledge available to participants | Direction of communication |