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QRAND-AVS: A Quantum-Randomness Assisted, AI-Optimized DNA–ECC Framework for Secure Video Steganography in IoT Cover

QRAND-AVS: A Quantum-Randomness Assisted, AI-Optimized DNA–ECC Framework for Secure Video Steganography in IoT

Open Access
|Jun 2026

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Schematic block diagram of the proposed portable QRNG device for ECC processor.

Figure 2.

Hybrid video steganography method—Transmitter side.

Figure 3.

Key frame selection.

Figure 4.

2-level DWT compression technique.

Figure 5.

Hybrid video steganography method—Receiver side.

Figure 6.

Key frames.

Figure 7.

Selected key frame.

Figure 8.

First-level DWT techniques.

Figure 9.

Second-level DWT techniques.

Figure 10.

Resultant 2-level DWT compression techniques.

Figure 11.

Comparison of mean square error.

Figure 12.

Comparison of processing time.

Figure 13.

PSNR vs payload.

Figure 14.

NC vs payload.

Quantitative comparison across payloads_

MethodPayload (approx. bpp)PSNR (dB) meanPSNR (dB) stdNC meanNC std
Proposed (AI DWT-SVD QIM)0.159.196446960.9140294760.70.06
Baseline (Fixed DWT-SVD)0.165.610276980.9046308070.790.05
Baseline (Spatial LSB)0.157.750452560.15345256910
Proposed (AI DWT-SVD QIM)0.259.718482551.0882809690.700.08
Baseline (Fixed DWT-SVD)0.265.755517680.8590722870.750.10
Baseline (Spatial LSB)0.256.87481670.1240971410
Proposed (AI DWT-SVD QIM)0.358.944009640.5669337120.660.06
Baseline (Fixed DWT-SVD)0.365.265123640.8335717550.750.08
Baseline (Spatial LSB)0.355.979750210.1439417910

Mapping the ciphertext point with DNA nucleotide_

0-CCA1-GTT2-TTG3-GGT4-TTT5-TCG6-CGC7-ATG8-AGT9-CGA

Time taken for processing the operation_

S. No.OperationProcessing Time (ms)
1.ECC Encryption590
2.ECC Decryption452
3.DNA Mapping55
4.Binary Mapping45
5.SVD Embedding144
6.DWT Compression159

Comparison of embedding capacity_

S. NoCover VideoLSB-Based Steganography MethodProposed Steganography Method
1Test Video 11203428732
2Test Video 27454380223
3Test Video 384543104532
4Test Video 490453123453

Elliptic curve points for E : y2 mod 43 = (x3 + x + 1) mod 43_

(2, 21)(2, 22)(3, 17)(3, 26)
(11, 15)(11, 28)(12, 8)(12, 35)
(20, 18)(20, 25)(21, 9)(21, 34)
(26, 4)(26, 39)(27, 19)(27, 24)
(29, 9)(29, 34)(31, 14)(31, 29)
(32,11)(32, 32)(33, 18)(33, 25)
(35, 13)(35, 30)(36, 9)(36, 34)
(38, 43)(40, 10)(40, 33)(43, 1)
(43,42)

Comparison of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR in dB)_

S. NoCover VideoLSB-Based Steganography MethodProposed Hybrid Video Steganography Method
1Test Video 145.3459.76
2Test Video 248.7455.78
3Test Video 349.2360.15
4Test Video 440.9866.97

Mapping the DNA nucleotide with binary digits_

A - 00C - 01G - 10T - 11

Comparison of MSE values_

S. NoTest VideoLSB-Based Steganography MethodProposed Hybrid Video Steganography Method
1Test Video 10.046570.03456
2Test Video 20.044560.030345
3Test Video 30.041030.029023
4Test Video 40.039980.028989
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/qic-2026-0004 | Journal eISSN: 3106-0544 | Journal ISSN: 1533-7146
Language: English
Page range: 68 - 88
Submitted on: Sep 19, 2025
Accepted on: Jan 13, 2026
Published on: Jun 4, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2026 Vijaya Kumar Vadladi, D Marshiana, published by Cerebration Science Publishing Co., Limited
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.