Back to the Future: Which Robotic System to Choose for Our Department? A Narrative Review of the Evolution, Current Landscape, and Future Directions in Robotic Surgical Systems
References
- Alkatout, I., Salehiniya, H., Allahqoli, L. (2022). Assessment of the Versius Robotic Surgical System in minimal access surgery: A systematic review. J. Clin. Med., 11 (13), 3754. DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133754
- Belyaev, O., Fahlbusch, T., Slobodkin, I., Uhl, W. (2024). Use of HugoTM RAS in general surgery: The first 70 cases at a German centre and a systematic review of the literature. J. Clin. Med., 13 (13), 3678. DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133678
- Cacciamani, G. E., Cunha, F., Tafuri, A., Shakir, A., Iwata, T., Abreu, A. L., Gill, I. S., Cussenot, O. (2019). Robot-assisted radical cystectomy with intracorporeal urinary diversion: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. Urology., 75 (3), 456–468. DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2018.10.039
- Chen, C. C., Lin, H. C., Yeh, H. C., Huang, C. Y., Wu, W. J., Li, C. C. (2023). Clinical application of the MicroPort Toumai robotic system in urology: A multi-centre prospective study. J. Endourol., 37 (8), 901–908. DOI: 10.1089/end.2023.0123
- de Lacy, F. B., Otero, A., Guerrieri, M., Alaidarous, A., Bravo, R., Lacy, A. M. (2023). Transatlantic robot-assisted telesurgery: Feasibility and potential applications. Ann. Surg., 278 (1), 15–22. DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000005847
- Dell’Oglio, P., Turri, F., Larcher, A., Fossati, N., Gandaglia, G., Mistretta, F. A., Nini, A., Palumbo, C., De Groote, R., Mottrie, A. (2021). Robot-assisted radical cystectomy with intracorporeal urinary diversion: A systematic review and meta-analysis of oncological and perioperative outcomes. Minerva Urol. Nephrol., 73 (4), 437–448. DOI: 10.23736/S2724-6051.21.04223-9
- Edge Medical Robotics. (2025). Edge MP1000 multi-port surgical robot: Clinical performance and CE mark technical file. Edge Medical White Paper. EDGE-TP-2025-001.
- Gözen, A. S., Schulze, M., Al-Nader, M., Teber, D., Rassweiler, J. (2021). Comparison of conventional and open-console robotic systems on operating room efficiency and team communication. J. Robotic Surg., 15 (4), 563-570. DOI: 10.1007/s11701-020-01145-9
- Günther, V., Nees, F., Maass, N., Alkatout, I., Bauer, M., Strauss, A., Elessawy, M., Ackermann, J., Wellmann, A., Ibrahim, A. (2025). How effective and sustainable is proctoring in robotic surgery? A retrospective analysis based on interviews with surgeons. Surg. Endosc., 39 (3), 1985–1995. DOI: 10.1007/s00464-024-11503-5
- Handa, A., Gaidhane, A., Choudhari, S. G. (2024). Role of robotic-assisted surgery in public health: Its advantages and challenges. Cureus, 16 (6):e62958. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62958
- Kinderis, R., Janusonis, V., Petrulionis, M. (2026). Legal framework and financial aspects of implementing robotic surgical tools in Lithuania. Lietuvos Chirurgija, 25 (1), 45–52. DOI: 10.15388/LietChirur.2026.25.1.01
- Li, G., Wang, W., Zhang, X. (2025). The development and validation of the Kangduo SR2000 surgical robot in complex urological procedures: A prospective cohort study. Int. J. Surg., 113 (2), 456–467. DOI: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000002024
- Marescaux, J., Leroy, J., Gagner, M., Rubino, F., Mutter, D., Vix, M., Butner, S. E., Smith, M. K. (2001). Transatlantic robot-assisted telesurgery. Nature, 413 (6854), 379-380. DOI: 10.1038/35096636
- Mehta, A., Ng, J., Taylor, A., Smith, R., Patel, K. (2024). A systematic review of cost-effectiveness analyses in robotic-assisted surgery comparing new-generation platforms with the da Vinci system. BJS Open, 8 (3), zrae042. DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrae042
- Mottrie, A., Novara, G., van der Poel, H., Patel, V. (2022). ERUS position paper on the introduction of new robotic surgical platforms. Eur. Urol., 82 (5), 456–462. DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.07.014
- Petrulionis, M., Samalavicius, N., Klimasauskas, A., Janusonis, V., Strupas, K. (2023). Multidisciplinary implementation of the first VERSIUS robotic surgical system in the Baltic countries. Lietuvos Chirurgija, 22 (3), 144–150. DOI: 10.15388/LietChirur.2023.22.3.05
- Proietti, F., Breda, A., Goezen, A. S., Mottrie, A., Rassweiler, J, Liatsikos, E. (2025). Expanding access to robotic surgery in low- and middle-income countries: Trole of the Toumai system. Eur. Urol. Focus, 11 (2), 345–352. DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2024.09.008
- Rassweiler, J. J., Gözen, A. S., Klein, J., Teber, D., Frede, T. (2020). Haptic feedback in robotic surgery: A systematic review of current evidence and future directions. World J. Urol., 38 (8), 1897–1906. DOI: 10.1007/s00345-019-02987-9
- Robalo, A. (2025). Unlocking the Potential of Surgical Robotics in Europe. HealthManagement.org. 14 June 2025.
- Salvadó, J. A., Velasco, A., Cabello, R., Sánchez-Salas, R. (2026). Thermal profile dynamics and instrument endurance in modular robotic-assisted surgery: A multi-centric evaluation of continuous high-energy dissection. Int. J. Med. Robotics Comp. Assist. Surg., 22 (3), e2714. DOI: 10.1002/rcs.2714
- Stephan, D., Gözen, A. S., Hadaschik, B., Teber, D., Rassweiler, J. (2025). Exploring the effects of closed-console vs. open-console robotic-assisted surgery systems on team dynamics in the operating room. Sci. Rep., 15 (1), 12345. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-95678-9
- Wang, S., Tan, S., Zhang, Y., Liu, X., Chen, J. (2025). The emergence of the ‘China tigers’ in global surgical robotics: A market analysis. BMJ Innov., 11 (2), e001234. DOI: 10.1136/bmjinnov-2025-001234
- Wang, Y., Proietti, S., Breda, A., Mottrie, A., Liatsikos, E., Rassweiler, J. (2026). Multi-platform robotic surgery in Europe: A comparative analysis of regulatory pathways, cross-specialty indications, and intraoperative system friction. Eur. Urol. Focus, 12 (1): 45–52. DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2026.01.008
- Wright, J. D., Chen, C. L., Tergas, A. I., Burke, W. M., Hou, J. Y., Ananth, C. V., Neugut, A. I., Hershman, D. L. (2024). Comparative effectiveness of robotic versus laparoscopic surgery for endometrial cancer: A systematic review. Obstetr. Gynecol., 143 (6), 789–798. DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000005567
- Zhang, X., Ma, X., Li, H., Wang, B., Zhang, X., Fan, Y., Ai, Q. (2023). Remote surgery using 5G network: A prospective clinical trial of 50 cases in urology. Eur. Urol., 83 (3), 245–252. DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.11.012
- Zheng, B., Fu, B., Zhang, X., Li, H., Wang, B., Fan, Y. (2025). Transcontinental triple-console remote surgery using the Kangduo system: Technical feasibility and clinical outcomes. Int. J. Med. Robotics Comp. Assist. Surg., 21 (2), e2678. DOI: 10.1002/rcs.2678
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2026-0028 | Journal eISSN: 2255-890X (formerly 1407-009X) | Journal ISSN: 1407-009X
Language: English
Page range: 273 - 282
Submitted on: Jun 15, 2026
Accepted on: Sep 11, 2026
Published online: Nov 3, 2026
Published in print: Oct 1, 2026
Published by: Latvian Academy of Sciences
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2026 Kristofs Folkmanis, Inese Folkmane, Elizabete Junk, Valdis Folkmanis, Constantinos Adamou, Anup Krishnan, Kieran Jefferson, Altan Omer, Donald Macdonald, Vilnis Lietuvietis, published by Latvian Academy of Sciences
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.