References
- Altieri, A., Marshall, C. L., Ramotar, P., Lloyd, D., Hemshekhar, M., Spicer, V., van der Does, A. M., Mookherjee, N. (2024). Human host defense peptide LL-37 suppresses TNFį -mediated matrix metalloproteinases MMP9 and MMP13 in human bronchial epithelial cells. J. Innate Immun., 16 (1), 203–215.
- Atalay, N., Balci, N., Gürsoy, M., Gürsoy, U. K. (2024). Systemic factors affecting human beta-defensins in oral cavity. Pathogens, 13 (8), 654.
- Bandurska, K., Berdowska, A., Barczyńska-Felusiak, R., Krupa, P. (2015). Unique features of human cathelicidin LL-37. Biofactors, 41 (5), 289–300.
- Barton, B., Peat, J. (2014). Medical Statistics: A Guide to SPSS, Data Analysis and Critical Appraisal.2nd ed. Chichester (UK): John Wiley & Sons.
- Bechinger, B., Gorr, S.-U. (2017). Antimicrobial peptides: Mechanisms of action and resistance. J. Dent. Res., 96 (3), 254–260.
- Bissell, J., Joly, S., Johnson, G. K., Organ, C. C., Dawson, D., McCray, P. B., Jr, Guthmiller, J. M. (2004). Expression of β-defensins in gingival health and in periodontal disease. J. Oral Pathol. Med., 33 (5), 278–285.
- Bucki, R., Leszczyńska, K., Namiot, A., Savage, P. B. (2010). Cathelicidin LL-37: A multitask antimicrobial peptide. Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp., 58 (1), 15–25.
- Cieślik, M, Bagińska, N., Górski, A., Jończyk-Matysiak, E. (2021). Human β-defensin 2 and its postulated role in modulation of the immune response. Cells, 10 (11), 2991.
- De Carli, M. L., Miyazawa, M., Nonogaki, S., Shirata, N. K., Oliveira, D. T., Pereira, A. A. C., Hanemann, J. A. C. (2015). M2 macrophages and inflammatory cells in oral lesions of chronic paracoccidioidomycosis. J. Oral Pathol. Med., 45 (2), 141–147.
- Desai, J. P., Nair, R. U. (2023). Oral health factors related to rapid oral health deterioration among older adults: a narrative review. J. Clin. Med., 12 (9), 3202.
- Ebersole, J. L., Graves, C. L., Gonzalez, O. A., Dawson, D., 3rd, Morford, L. A., Huja, P. E., et al. (2016). Aging, inflammation, immunity and periodontal disease. Periodontol. 2000, 72, 54–75.
- Ghosh, S. K., Man, Y., Fraiwan, A., Waters, C., McKenzie, C., Lu, C., et al. (2024). Beta-defensin index: A functional biomarker for oral cancer detection. Cell Rep. Med., 5 (3), 101447.
- Greer, A., Zenobia, C., Darveau, R. P. (2013). Defensins and LL-37: A review of function in the gingival epithelium. Periodontol. 2000, 63 (1), 67–79.
- Highfield, J. (2009). Diagnosis and classification of periodontal disease. Aust. Dent. J., 54 Suppl 1, S11–S26.
- Isola, G. (2020). Current evidence of natural agents in oral and periodontal health. Nutrients, 12 (2), 585.
- Jain, N., Jain, G. K., Javed, S, Iqbal, Z., Talegaonkar, S., Ahmad, F. J., et al. (2008). Recent approaches for the treatment of periodontitis. Drug Discov. Today, 13 (21–22), 932–943.
- Kim, J., Cho, I., Kim, K., Hwang, Y. (2021). Identification of galectin 10 as a biomarker for periodontitis based on proteomic analysis of gingival crevicular fluid. Mol. Med. Rep., 23, 123.
- Kwon, T., Lamster, I. B., Levin, L. (2021). Current concepts in the management of periodontitis. Int. Dent. J., 71 (6), 462–476.
- Leite, M. L., Duque, H. M., Rodrigues, G. R., da Cunha, N. B., Franco, O. L. (2023). The LL-37 domain: A clue to cathelicidin immunomodulatory response? Peptides, 165, 171011.
- Li, X., Duan, D., Yang, J., Wang, P., Han, B., Zhao, L., et al. (2016). The expression of human β-defensins (hBD-1, hBD-2, hBD-3, hBD-4) in gingival epithelia. Arch. Oral Biol., 66, 15–21.
- Liu, J., Chen, J., Du, X., Hu, L., Chen, L. (2014). The expression of hBDs in the gingival tissue and keratinocytes from healthy subjects and periodontitis patients. Arch. Oral Biol., 59 (2), 193–198.
- Madhwani, T., McBain, A. J. (2012). Compositional modification of nascent in vitro dental plaques by human host-defence peptides. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol., 64 (3), 374–381.
- Munshi, M. A., Alhabashi, Y. K., Alshahrani, N. Z., Mushabab, A. A., Alsaleh, O. S., Alzahrani, A. A. (2024). Genetic and environmental factors in susceptibility to oral diseases. J. Health Sci., 4 (11), 616–621.
- Ouhara, K., Komatsuzawa, H., Yamada, S., Shiba, H., Fujiwara, T., Ohara, M., et al. (2005). Susceptibilities of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria to antibacterial peptides, β-defensins and LL-37, produced by human epithelial cells. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 55 (6), 888–896.
- Özdemir, M., Caglayan, F., Bikker, F. J., Pussinen, P., Kononen, E., Yamalik, N., et al. (2020). Gingival tissue human beta-defensin levels in relation to infection and inflammation. J. Clin. Periodontol., 47, 309–318.
- Ozola, L., Pilmane, M. (2024). Local defense factors in cleft-affected palate in children before and during milk dentition age: A pilot study. J. Pers. Med., 14 (1), 27.
- Ravindran, A. M., Chandran, N., Stephenraj, S., Indrajith, D., Krishna, R., Rasha, R. (2024). Risk factors in periodontitis. Int. J. Med. Oral Res., 9 (2), 48–50.
- Scott, M. G., Davidson, D. J., Gold, M. R., Bowdish, D., Hancock, R. E. W.(2002). The human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 is a multifunctional modulator of innate immune responses. J. Immunol., 169 (7), 3883–3891.
- Sidharthan, S., Dharmarajan, G., Kulloli, A. (2020). Gingival crevicular fluid levels of interleukin-22 (IL-22) and human β defensin-2 (hBD-2) in periodontal health and disease: A correlative study. J. Oral Biol. Craniofac. Res., 10 (4), 498–503.
- Skytthe, M. K., Graversen, J. H., Moestrup, S. K. (2020). Targeting of CD163+ macrophages in inflammatory and malignant diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21 (15), 5497.
- Slots, J. (2017). Periodontitis: Facts, fallacies and the future. Periodontol. 2000, 75, 7–23.
- Su, J. (2018). A brief history of Charcot-Leyden crystal protein/galectin-10 research. Molecules, 23 (11), 2931.
- Suvarna, S. K., Layton, C., Bancroft, J. D. (2019). Bancroft’s Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
- Takahashi, M., Umehara, Y., Yue, H., Trujillo-Paez, J. V., Peng, G., Nguyen, H. L. T., et al. (2021). The antimicrobial peptide human β-defensin-3 accelerates wound healing by promoting angiogenesis, cell migration, and proliferation through the FGFR/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Front Immunol., 12, 712781.
- Tokajuk, J., Deptu&ła, P., Piktel, E., Daniluk, T., Chmielewska, S., Wollny, T., et al. (2022). Cathelicidin LL-37 in health and diseases of the oral cavity. Biomedicines, 10 (5), 1086.
- Tomizawa, H., Yamada, Y., Arima, M., Miyabe, Y., Fukuchi, M., Hikichi, H., et al. (2022). Galectin-10 as a potential biomarker for eosinophilic diseases. Biomolecules, 12 (10), 1385.
- Vaivads, M., Akota, I., Pilmane, M. (2023). Characterization of SHH, SOX3, WNT3A and WNT9B proteins in human non-syndromic cleft lip and palate tissue. Dent. J. (Basel), 11, 151.
- Vaivads, M., Pilmane, M. (2014). Distribution of immunomodulation, protection and regeneration factors in cleft-affected bone and cartilage. Diagnostics (Basel), 14 (19), 2217.
- Vidzis, A., Cema, I., Krasta, I., Brinkmane, A., Kalnins, I. (2011). Evaluation of oral health status of retirement-age population in Latvia. Stomatologija Baltic Dent. Maxillofac J., 13 (2), 68–72.
- Winter, J., Pantelis, A., Reich, R., Martini, M., Kraus, D., Jepsen, S., et al. (2011). Human beta-defensin-1, -2, and -3 exhibit opposite effects on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation. Cancer Invest., 29 (3), 196–201.
- Yilmaz, M., Demir, E., Firatli, Y., Firatli, E., Gürsoy, U. K. (2022). Tissue levels of CD80, CD163 and CD206 and their ratios in periodontal and peri-implant health and disease. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol., 44 (10), 4704–4713.