References
- Ballester, A., San-José, M. C., Vidal, N., Fernandez-Lorenzo, J. L., Vieitez, A. M. (1999). Anatomical and biochemical events during in vitro rooting of microcuttings from juvenile and mature phases of chesnut. Ann. Bot., 83, 619–629. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1999.0865.
- Bastías, A., Almada, R., Rojas, P., Donoso, J. M., Hinrichsen, P., Sagredo, B. (2016). Aging gene pathway of microRNAs 156/157 and 172 is altered in juvenile and adult plants from in vitro propagated Prunus sp. Ciencia e investigación agraria 43 (3), 429–441. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-16202016000300009.
- Brand, M. H., Lineberger, R. D. (1992). In vitro rejuvenation of Betula (Betulaceae): Morphological evaluation. Amer. J. Bot., 79 (6), 618–625. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1992.tb14603.x.
- Braune, W., Leman, A., Taubert, H. (1999). Pflanzenanatomisches Praktikum I [Plant anatomy practicum I]. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag Heidelberg, Berlin. 368 pp. (in German).
- Brus, D., Hengeveld, G. M., Walvoort, D. J. J., Goedhart, P. W., Heidema, A. H., Nabuurs, G. J., Gunia, K. (2012). Statistical mapping of tree species over Europe. Eur. J. Forest Res., 131, 145–157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-011-0513-5.
- Dubois, H., Verkasalo, E., Claessens, H. (2020). Potential of birch (Betula pendula Roth and B. Pubescens Ehrh.) for forestry and forest-based industry sector within the changing climatic and socio-economic context of Western Europe. Forests, 11 (3), 336. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11030336.
- Feng, S., Xu, Y., Guo, C., Zheng, J., Zhou, B., Zhang, Y., Ding, Y., Zhang L., Zhu Z., Wang, H., Wu, G. (2016). Modulation of miR156 to identify traits associated with vegetative phase change in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). J. Exper. Bot., 67, 1493–1504. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erv551.
- Frydman, V. M., Wareing, P. F. (1973). Phase change in Hedera helix L. II. The possible role of roots as a source of shoot gibberellin-like substances. J. Exper. Bot., 24 (6),1139–1145. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/24.6.1139.
- Hartmann, H. T., Kester, D. E., Davies, F. T., Geneve, R. L. (2011). Hartmann & Kester’s plant propagation principles and practices. 8th ed. Prentice Hall, New Jersey. 880 pp.
- Hrib, J., Chaturvedi, H. C., Dobry, J. (1980). Development of shoot tips of Sambucus sp. grown in vitro. Phytomorphology, 30, 266–270.
- Iliev, I., Kitin, P., Funada, R. (2001). Morphological and anatomical study on in vitro root formation of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.). Propag. Ornamental Plants 1, 10–19.
- Jones, O. P., Welander, M., Waller, B. J., Ridout, M. S. (1996). Micro-propagation of adult birch trees: Production and field performance. Tree Physiol., 16, 521–525. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/16.5.521
- Lloyd, G., McCown, B. (1980). Commercially-feasible micropropagation of mountain laurel, Kalmia latifolia, by use of shoot-tip culture. Combined Proc. Int. Plant Propagators Soc., 30, 421–427.
- McCown, B. H. (2000). Recalitrance of woody and herbaceous perennial plants: Dealing with genetic predeterminism. In vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology – Plant, 36, 149–154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-000-0030-6.
- McCown, B. H. (2013). Woody shrubs and trees. In: Smith, R. H (Ed.). Plant tissue culture. Techniques and Experiments. 3rd edition. Elsevier, San Diego, pp. 93–101.
- Mullins, M. G., Nair, Y., Sampet, P. (1979). Rejuvenation in vitro: Induction of juvenile characters in an adult clone of Vitis vinifera L. Ann. Bot., 44, 623–627.
- Noiton, D., Vine, J. H., Mullins, M. G. (1992). Effects of serial subculture in vitro on the endogenous levels of indole-3-acetic acid and abscisic acid and rootability in microcuttings of “Jonathan” apple. Plant Growth Regul., 11, 377–383. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00130645.
- Patel, G. K., Bapat, V. A., Rao, P. S. (1983). In vitro culture of organ explants of Morus indica: Plant regeneration and fruit formation in axillary bud culture. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenphysiologie, 111, 465–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-328X(83)80011-7.
- Poething, R. S. (1990). Phase change and the regulation of shoot morphogenesis in plants. Science, 250, 923–930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.250.4983.923.
- Ruzin, S. E. (1999). Plant Microtechnique and Microscopy. Oxford University Press, New York. 322 pp.
- Sánchez, M. C., Ballester, A., Vieitez A. M. (1997). Reinvigoration treatments for the micropropagation of mature chestnut trees. Ann. Forest Sci., 54, 359–370. https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:19970404.
- Silva, L. N., Freer-Smith, P. H., Madsen, P. (2018). Production, Restoration, Mitigation: A new generation of plantations. New Forests, 50, 153–168 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-018-9644-6.
- Struve, D. K., Lineberger, R. D. (1988). Restoration of high adventitious root regeneration potential in mature Betula papyrifera Marsh. Softwood stem cuttings. Canad. J. Forestry Res., 18, 265–269. https://doi.org/10.1139/x88-038.
- Telfer, A., Bollman, K. M., Poethig, R. S. (1997). Phase change and the regulation of trichome distribution in Arabidopsis thaliana. Development, 124 (3), 645–654. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.124.3.645.
- Ursache, R., Nieminen, K., Helariutta, Y. (2012). Genetic and hormonal regulation of cambial development. Physiologia Plantarum, 147 (1), 36–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01627.x.
- Wang, J. W., Park, M. Y., Wang, L.J., Koo, Y., Chen, X.Y., Weigel, D., Poethig, R.S. (2011). MiRNA control of vegetative phase change in trees. PLoS Genetics, 7 (2), e1002012. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002012.
- Welander, M. (1993). Micropropagation of birch. In: Ahuja, M. R. (Ed.). Micropropagation of Woody Plants. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, pp. 223–246.
- Zimmerman, R. H., Hackett, W. P., Pharis, R. P. (1985). Hormonal aspects of phase change and precocious flowering. In: Phari, R. P., Reid, D. M. (eds.). Encyclopedia of plant physiology. Volume 11. Hormonal regulation of development III. Role of enviromental factors. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, pp. 79–115.