References
- Albero-González, R., Hernández-Llodrà, S., Juanpere, N. (2019). Immunohistochemical expression of mismatch repair proteins (MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2) in prostate cancer: Correlation with grade groups (WHO 2016) and ERG and PTEN status. Virchows Arch., 475, 223–231.10.1007/s00428-019-02591-z31209634
- Azmi, A. S., Bao, B., Sarkar, F. H. (2013). Exosomes in cancer development, metastasis, and drug resistance: A comprehensive review. Cancer Metastasis Rev., 32 (3–4), 623–642.10.1007/s10555-013-9441-9384398823709120
- Blume-Jensen, P., Berman, D. M., Rimm, D. L. (2015). Development and clinical validation of an in situ biopsy-based multimarker assay for risk stratification in prostate cancer. Clin. Cancer Res., 21 (11), 2591–2600.10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-260325733599
- Boucheix, C., Duc, G. H., Jasmin, C., Rubinstein, E. (2001) Tetraspanins and malignancy. Expert Rev. Mol. Med., 2001, 1–17.
- Brajtbord, J. S., Leapman, M. S., Cooperberg, M. R. (2017). The CAPRA score at 10 years: Contemporary perspectives and analysis of supporting studies. Eur. Urol., 71 (5), 705–709.10.1016/j.eururo.2016.08.06527616723
- Cullen, J., Rosner, I. L., Brand, T. C. (2015). A biopsy-based 17-gene genomic prostate score predicts recurrence after radical prostatectomy and adverse surgical pathology in a racially diverse population of men with clinically low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Eur. Urol., 68 (1), 123–131.10.1016/j.eururo.2014.11.03025465337
- D’Amico, A. V., Whittington, R., Malkowicz, S. B. (2000). Clinical utility of the percentage of positive prostate biopsies in defining biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. J. Clin. Oncol., 18 (6),1164–1172.10.1200/JCO.2000.18.6.116410715284
- Del Re, M., Biasco, E., Crucitta, S., Derosa, L., Rofi, E., Orlandini, C., Miccoli, M., Galli, L., Falcone, A., Jenster, G. W. (2017). The detection of androgen receptor splice Variant 7 in plasma-derived exosomal RNA strongly predicts resistance to hormonal therapy in metastatic prostate cancer patients. Eur. Urol., 71, 680–687.10.1016/j.eururo.2016.08.01227733296
- Duijvesz, D., Versluis, C. Y., van der Fels, C. A., Vredenbregt-van den Berg, M. S., Leivo, J., Peltola, M. T., Bangma, C. H., Pettersson, K. S. I., Jenster, G. (2015). Immuno-based detection of extracellular vesicles in urine as diagnostic marker for prostate cancer. Int. J. Cancer, 137, 2869–2878.10.1002/ijc.2966426139298
- Filella, X., Fernández-Galan, E., Bonifacio, R. F., Foj, L. (2018). Emerging biomarkers in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Pharmgenomics Pers. Med., 11, 83–94.10.2147/PGPM.S136026596164329844697
- Foj, L., Ferrer, F., Serra, M., Arevalo, A., Gavagnach, M., Gimenez, N., Filella, X. (2017). Exosomal and non-exosomal urinary miRNAs in prostate cancer detection and prognosis. Prostate. 77, 573–583.10.1002/pros.2329527990656
- Fujita, K., Nonomura, N. (2018). Urinary biomarkers of prostate cancer. Int. J. Urol., 25, 770–779.10.1111/iju.1373430129068
- Guedes, L. B., Antonarakis, E. S., Schweizer, M. T. (2017). MSH2 loss in primary prostate cancer. Clin. Cancer Res., 23, 6863–6874.10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-0955569083428790115
- Ingrosso, G., Detti, B., Scartoni, D., Lancia, A., Giacomelli, I., Baki, M., Carta, G., Livi, L., Santoni, R. (2018). Current therapeutic options in meta-static castration-resistant prostate cancer. Semin. Oncol., 45, 303–315.10.1053/j.seminoncol.2018.10.00130446166
- Jahn, J. L., Giovannucci, E. L., Stampfer, M. J. (2015). The high prevalence of undiagnosed prostate cancer at autopsy: Implications for epidemiology and treatment of prostate cancer in the prostate-specific antigen-era. Int. J. Cancer, 137 (12), 2795–2802.10.1002/ijc.29408448597725557753
- Kharaziha, P., Chioureas, D., Rutishauser, D., Baltatzis, G., Lennartsson, L., Fonseca, P., Azimi, A., Hultenby, K., Zubarev, R., Ullen. A. (2015). Molecular profiling of prostate cancer derived exosomes may reveal a predictive signature for response to docetaxel. Oncotarget, 6, 21740–21754.10.18632/oncotarget.3226467330025844599
- Khushman, M., Bhardwaj, A., Patel, G. K., Laurini, J. A., Roveda, K., Tan, M. C., Patton, M., Singh, S., Taylor, W., Singh, A. P. (2017). Exosomal markers (CD63 and CD9) expression pattern using immunohistochemistry in resected malignant and nonmalignant pancreatic specimens. Pancreas, 46, 782–788.10.1097/MPA.0000000000000847549496928609367
- Kim, S. J., Kim, S. I. (2011). Current treatment strategies for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Korean J. Urol., 52, 157–165.10.4111/kju.2011.52.3.157306512621461278
- Kretschmer, A., Tilki, D. (2017). Biomarkers in prostate cancer: Current clinical utility and future perspectives. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol., 120,180–193.10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.11.00729198331
- Li, G.-M. (2007). Mechanisms and functions of DNA mismatch repair. Cell Res., 18, 85–98.10.1038/cr.2007.11518157157
- Lu, Y. T., Delijani, K., Mecum, A., Goldkorn, A. (2019). Current status of liquid biopsies for the detection and management of prostate cancer. Cancer Manag. Res., 11, 5271–5291.10.2147/CMAR.S170380655924431239778
- Malla, B., Aebersold, D. M., Pra, A. D. (2018). Protocol for serum exosomal miRNAs analysis in prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. J. Transl. Med. 16, 223.10.1186/s12967-018-1592-6609077530103771
- Miki, Y., Yashiro, M., Okuno, T., Kuroda, K., Togano, S., Hirakawa, K., Ohira, M. (2018). Clinico-pathological significance of exosome marker CD63 expression on cancer cells and stromal cells in gastric cancer. PLoS One, 13 (9), e0202956.10.1371/journal.pone.0202956614109330222750
- Moch, H., Humphrey, P. A., Ulbright, T. M., Reuter, V. E. (eds.) (2016). WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs. WHO Classification of Tumours, 4th Edition, Volume 8. WHO. 400 pp.
- Pant, S., Hilton, H., Burczynski, M. E. (2012). The multifaceted exosome: Biogenesis, role in normal and aberrant cellular function, and frontiers for pharmacological and biomarker opportunities. Biochem. Pharmacol., 83 (11), 1484–1494.10.1016/j.bcp.2011.12.037711099422230477
- Park, Y. H., Shin, H. W., Jung, A. R., Kwon, O. S., Choi, Y.-J., Park, J., Lee, J. Y. (2016). Prostate-specific extracellular vesicles as a novel biomarker in human prostate cancer. Sci. Rep., 6, 30386.
- Pritchard, C. C., Morrissey, C., Kumar, A. (2014) Complex MSH2 and MSH6 mutations in hypermutated microsatellite unstable advanced prostate cancer. Nat. Commun., 5, 4988.
- Sharma, M., Yang, Z., Miyamoto, H. (2020). Loss of DNA mismatch repair proteins in prostate cancer. Medicine (Baltimore). 99 (19), e20124.10.1097/MD.0000000000020124722055532384491
- Siegel, R. L., Miller, K. D., Jemal, A. (2019). Cancer statistics, 2019. CA Cancer J. Clin. 69, 7–34.10.3322/caac.2155130620402
- Soekmadji, C., Russell, P. J., Nelson, C. C. (2013). Exosomes in prostate cancer: Putting together the pieces of a puzzle. Cancers (Basel), 5 (4), 1522–1544.10.3390/cancers5041522387595224351670
- Tarhan, F., Orcun, A., Kucukercan, I., Camursoy, N., Kuyumcuoglu, U. (2005). Effect of prostatic massage on serum complexed prostate-specific antigen levels. Urology, 66, 1234–1238.10.1016/j.urology.2005.06.07716360449
- Thompson, I. M. (2006). PSA: A biomarker for disease. A biomarker for clinical trials. How useful is it? J. Nutr., 136, 2704S.
- Wang, J. C., Louis, R., Bégin, N. G., Chevalier, B. S. Aprikian, A. G., Gourdeau, H., Chevrette, M. (2007). Down-regulation of CD9 expression during prostate carcinoma progression is associated with CD9 mRNA modifications. Clin. Cancer Res., 13 (8), 2354–2356.10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-169217406028