References
- Abdu-Allah, H., El-Shorbagi, A., Abdel-Moty, S., El-Awady, R., Abdel-Alim, A. (2016). 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA): A unique anti-inflammatory salicylate. Med. Chem.,6 (5), 306–315.10.4172/2161-0444.1000361
- Andrews, C. G. (2011). Mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid) alters faecal bacterial profiles, but not mucosal proteolytic activity in diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther.,34 (3), 374–383.10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04732.x21671966
- Axelrad, J. L. (2016). Inflammatory bowel disease and cancer: The role of inflammation, immunosuppression, and cancer treatment. World J. Gastroenterol.,22 (20), 28.10.3748/wjg.v22.i20.4794487387227239106
- Baumgart, D. (2012). Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis: From Epidemiology and Immunobiology to a Rational Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach. Springer Science & Business Media. 695 pp.10.1007/978-1-4614-0998-4
- Belzer, C., Chia, L., Aalvink, S., Chamlagain, B., Piironen, V., Knol, J., de Vos, W. (2017). Microbial metabolic networks at the mucus layer lead to diet-independent butyrate and vitamin B12 production by intestinal symbionts. MBio,8 (5).10.1128/mBio.00770-17560593428928206
- Berends, S. S. (2019). Clinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Clin. Pharmacokinet.,58 (1), 15–37.10.1007/s40262-018-0676-z632608629752633
- Bland, J. (2016). Intestinal microbiome, Akkermansia muciniphila, and medical nutrition therapy. Integr. Med. (Encinitas),15 (5), 14–16.
- Chia, L. W., Knol, J., Belzer, C. (2018). Deciphering the trophic interaction between Akkermansia muciniphila and the butyrogenic gut commensal Anaerostipes caccae using a metatranscriptomic approach. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek,111 (6), 859–873.10.1007/s10482-018-1040-x594575429460206
- Cuervo, A. S.-M. (2013). Fiber from a regular diet is directly associated with fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the elderly. Nutr. Res.,33 (10), 811–816.10.1016/j.nutres.2013.05.01624074739
- Deloménie, C. F. (2001). Identification and functional characterization of arylamine N-acetyltransferases in eubacteria: Evidence for highly selective acetylation of 5-aminosalicylic acid. J. Bacteriol.,183 (11), 3417–3427.10.1128/JB.183.11.3417-3427.20019964011344150
- Farzaneh, H., Mohammad, E. H., Gharavinia, A., Mahdavi, S. B., Akbarpour, M. J., Baghaei, A., Emami., M. H. (2017). Quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease patients: A cross-sectional study. J. Res. Med. Sci.,22, 104.10.4103/jrms.JRMS_975_16
- Gobert, A. P., Sagrestani, G., Wilson, E. D., Verriere, T. G., Dapoigny, M., Del’homme, C., Bernalier-Donadille, A. (2016). The human intestinal microbiota of constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. Sci. Rep.,6, Article No. 39399.10.1038/srep39399
- Ham, M. M. (2012). Mesalamine in the treatment and maintenance of remission of ulcerative colitis. Expert Rev. Clin. Pharmacol.,5 (2), 113–123.10.1586/ecp.12.2331432822390554
- Herreweghen, F. A.-S.-V. (2017). In vitro colonisation of the distal colon by Akkermansia muciniphila is largely mucin and pH dependent. Beneficial Microbes,8 (1), 81–96.10.3920/BM2016.001327824274
- Ikeda, I. T. (2007). 5-aminosalicylic acid given in the remission stage of colitis suppresses colitis-associated cancer in a mouse colitis model. Clin. Cancer Res.,13 (21), 6527–6531.10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-120817975166
- Ye, B. (2015). Mesalazine preparations for the treatment of ulcerative colitis: Are all created equal? World J. Gastrointest. Pharmacol. Ther.,6 (4), 137–144.10.4292/wjgpt.v6.i4.137
- Jean, L., Audrey, M., Beauchemin, C., Consrtium, O. (2018). Economic evaluations of treatments for inflammatory bowel diseases: A literature review. Can. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.,2018, 7439730.10.1155/2018/7439730
- Kaiser, G. Y. (1999). Mesalamine blocks tumor necrosis factor growth inhibition and nuclear factor kappaB activation in mouse colonocytes. Gastroenterology,116 (3), 602–609.10.1016/S0016-5085(99)70182-4
- Kim, D. (2015). Gut microbiota-mediated drug-antibiotic interactions. Drug Metab. Dispos.,43 (10), 1581–1589.10.1124/dmd.115.06386725926432
- Laffin, M. F. (2019). A high-sugar diet rapidly enhances susceptibility to colitis via depletion of luminal short-chain fatty acids in mice. Sci. Rep.,9, 12294.10.1038/s41598-019-48749-2
- Lopez-Siles, M., Enrich-Capó, N., Aldegue, X., Sabat-Mir, M., Duncan, S., Garcia-Gil, L., Martinez-Medina, M. (2018). Alterations in the abundance and co-occurrence of Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the colonic mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease subjects. Front Cell Infect. Microbiol.,7 (8), 281.10.3389/fcimb.2018.00281613795930245977
- Machiels, K. J., Arijs, I., Eeckhaut, V. V., Verbeke, K., Ferrante, M. V. (2014). A decrease of the butyrate-producing species Roseburia hominis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii defines dysbiosis in patients with ulcerative colitis. Gut,63 (8), 1275–1283.10.1136/gutjnl-2013-304833
- Martín, R. C.-H. (2014). The commensal bacterium Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is protective in DNBS-induced chronic moderate and severe colitis models. Inflamm. Bowel Dis.,20 (3), 417–430.10.1097/01.MIB.0000440815.76627.6424418903
- Parada, V. D. (2019). Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-mediated gut epithelial and immune regulation and its relevance for inflammatory bowel diseases. Front Immunol.,10, 277.10.3389/fimmu.2019.00277
- Perrotta, C. P. (2015). Five-aminosalicylic acid: An update for the reappraisal of an old drug. Gastroenterol. Res. Pract.,2015, 456895, 1–9.10.1155/2015/456895432079325685145
- Probert, C. D. (2014). Combined oral and rectal mesalazine for the treatment of mild-to-moderately active ulcerative colitis: Rapid symptom resolution and improvements in quality of life. J. Crohn’s Colitis,8 (3), 200–207.10.1016/j.crohns.2013.08.00724012063
- Ramirez-Alcantara, V. M. (2014). Acute murine colitis reduces colonic 5-aminosalicylic acid metabolism by regulation of N-acetyltransferase-2. Amer. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol.,306 (G), 1002–1010.10.1152/ajpgi.00389.2013404211724742986
- Rubin, D. (2014). Why it’s time for updated U.S. colorectal cancer prevention guidelines in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastrointest. Endosc.,80 (5), 849–851.10.1016/j.gie.2014.08.030
- Rubin, D. C. (2008). Colorectal cancer prevention in inflammatory bowel disease and the role of 5-aminosalicylic acid: A clinical review and update. Inflamm. Bowel Dis.,14 (2), 265–274.10.1002/ibd.2029717932965
- Sartor, R. W. (2017). Roles for intestinal bacteria, viruses, and fungi in pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases and therapeutic approaches. Gastroeterology.,155 (2), 327–339.10.1053/j.gastro.2016.10.012551175627769810
- Sasaki, M., Klapproth, J. (2012). The role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. J. Signal Transduct., 2012, 704953.10.1155/2012/704953334863522619714
- Sheehan, D. S. (2017). The gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol. Clin. North Amer.,46, 143–154.10.1016/j.gtc.2016.09.01128164847
- Sonu, I. L. (2010). Clinical pharmacology of 5-ASA compounds in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol. Clin. North. Amer.,39 (3), 559–599.10.1016/j.gtc.2010.08.01120951918
- Thangaraju, M. C. (2009). GPR109A is a g-protein–coupled receptor for the bacterial fermentation product butyrate and functions as a tumor suppressor in colon. Cancer Res.,69, 2826–2832.10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-4466374783419276343
- van der Beek, C., Dejong, C., Troost, F., Masclee, A., Lenaerts, K. (2017). Role of short-chain fatty acids in colonic inflammation, carcinogenesis, and mucosal protection and healing. Nutr. Rev.,75 (4), 286–305.10.1093/nutrit/nuw06728402523
- Wilson, I. N. (2017). Gut microbiome interactions with drug metabolism, efficacy and toxicity. Transl. Res.,179, 204–222.10.1016/j.trsl.2016.08.002571828827591027
- Xinqiang, W., Yuanbing, W., Liangmei, H., Longhuo, W., Xiangcai, W., Zhiping, L. (2018). Effects of the intestinal microbial metabolite butyrate on the development of colorectal cancer. J. Cancer.,9 (14), 2510–2517.10.7150/jca.25324
- Xu, J., Chen, N., Wu, Z., Song, Y., Zhang, Y., Wu, N., Zhang, F., Ren, X., Liu, Y. (2018). 5-Aminosalicylic acid alters the gut bacterial microbiota in patients with ulcerative colitis. Frontiers Microbiol.,9, 1274.10.3389/fmicb.2018.01274600837629951050
- Xue, L. H. (2012). The possible effects of mesalazine on the intestinal microbiota. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther.,36, 811–814.10.1111/apt.1203422984958
- Xue, L., Huang, Z., Chen, X. Z. (2012). The possible effects of mesalazine on the intestinal microbiota. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther.,36, 811–814.10.1111/apt.12034
- Zhang, S. F. (2018). 5-Aminosalicylic acid downregulates the growth and virulence of Escherichia coli associated with IBD and colorectal cancer, and upregulates host anti-inflammatory activity. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo),71 (11), 950–961.10.1038/s41429-018-0081-830050110